Merge branch 'master'

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ project(BlockLua CXX)
 # Export compile_commands.json for VSCode IntelliSense
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 
-# Output directories to mirror compile.bat's build folder
+# Output directories to mirror build.bat's build folder
 set(OUTPUT_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/build)
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUTPUT_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUTPUT_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${OUTPUT_DIR})
 
-# Global compile options to mirror compile.bat
+# Global build options to mirror build.bat
 add_compile_options(
   -Wall
   -Werror
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ include_directories(
   ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/inc/lua
 )
 
-# Link directories (for -L.) and libraries from compile.bat
+# Link directories (for -L.) and libraries from build.bat
 link_directories(
   ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
 )
 
 # Safe DLL
 add_library(BlockLua SHARED src/bllua4.cpp)
-# Ensure output name matches compile.bat
+# Ensure output name matches build.bat
 set_target_properties(BlockLua PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "BlockLua")
 # Linker flags and libraries
 if(MSVC)

build.bat

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 @echo off
 cd /d %~dp0
 
-REM Ensure MinGW32 toolchain is first in PATH (matches compile.bat)
+REM Ensure MinGW32 toolchain is first in PATH
 set "PATH=C:\msys64\mingw32\bin;%PATH%"
 
 REM Configure CMake (generate into build/)

compile.bat

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-cd /d %~dp0
-
-set "PATH=C:\msys64\mingw32\bin;%PATH%"
-
-if not exist build mkdir build
-
-set buildargs=-Wall -Werror -m32 -shared -Isrc -Iinc/tsfuncs -Iinc/lua -lpsapi -L. -llua5.1 -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++
-
-echo on
-g++ src/bllua4.cpp %buildargs% -o build\BlockLua.dll
-g++ -DBLLUA_UNSAFE src/bllua4.cpp %buildargs% -o build\BlockLua-Unsafe.dll
-@echo off

compiling.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ What these packages are for:
 - Run the script:
 
 ```powershell
-compile.bat
+build.bat
 ```
 
 What the script does:
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@ You should see `architecture: i386` in the output.
 
 ### Notes
 
-- Ensure you installed the i686 (32-bit) variants of the packages; x86_64 packages won’t work for a 32-bit build.
+- Ensure you installed the i686 (32-bit) variants of the packages; x86_64 packages won't work for a 32-bit build.
 - If the linker cannot find `-llua5.1`, confirm `mingw-w64-i686-lua51` is installed and you are using the `mingw32` toolchain (not `x86_64`).

readme.md

@@ -1,25 +1,26 @@
-
 # BlockLua
 
 Lua scripting for Blockland
 
 ## How to Install
+
 - Install RedBlocklandLoader
 - Copy `lua5.1.dll` into your Blockland install folder, next to `Blockland.exe`
 - Copy `BlockLua.dll` into the `modules` folder within the Blockland folder
 
-
 ## Quick Reference
 
 ### From TorqueScript
+
 `'print('hello world')` - Execute Lua in the console by prepending a `'` (single quote)
 `luaeval("code");` - Execute Lua code
-`luacall("funcName", %args...);` - Call a Lua global function  
-`luaexec("fileName");` - Execute a Lua file. Path rules are the same as executing .cs files.  
-`luaget("varName");` - Read a Lua global variable  
-`luaset("varName", %value);` - Write a Lua global variable  
+`luacall("funcName", %args...);` - Call a Lua function (supports indexing tables and object methods)
+`luaexec("fileName");` - Execute a Lua file. Path rules are the same as when executing .cs files, relative paths are allowed.
+`luaget("varName");` - Read a Lua global variable (supports indexing tables)
+`luaset("varName", %value);` - Write a Lua global variable (supports indexing tables)
 
 ### From Lua
+
 `bl.eval('code')` - Eval TorqueScript code
 `bl.funcName(args)` - Call a TorqueScript function
 `bl.varName` - Read a TorqueScript global variable
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ Lua scripting for Blockland
 `bl['namespaceName::funcName'](args)` - Call a namespaced TorqueScript function
 
 ### Accessing Torque Objects from Lua
+
 `bl.objectName` - Access a Torque object by name
 `bl[objectID]` - Access a Torque object by ID (or name)
 `object.fieldOrKey` - Read a field or Lua key from a Torque object
@@ -35,28 +37,43 @@ Lua scripting for Blockland
 `object.key = value` - Associate Lua data with a Torque object
 `object:method(args)` - Call a Torque object method
 `object[index]` - Access a member of a Torque set or group
-`for childIndex, child in object:members() do` - Iterate objects within of a Torque set or group. Indices start at 0 like in Torque.
+`for child in object:members() do` - Iterate objects within of a Torque set or group. Indices start at 0 like in Torque.
 `bl.isObject(object, objectID, or 'objectName')` - Check if an object exists
 `object:exists()` - Check if an object exists
 
 ### Timing/Schedules
+
 `sched = bl.schedule(timeMs, function, args...)` - Schedule a Lua function to be called later, similar to schedule in Torque
 `sched:cancel()` - Cancel a previously scheduled timer
 
 ### Raycasts and Searches
+
 `hitObject, hitPos, hitNormal = bl.raycast(vector{startPosX,y,z}, vector{endPosX,y,z}, 'objtype'/{'objtypes',...}, ignoreObjects...?)` - Cast a ray in the world over objects of the specified type(s) (possibly excluding some objects), and return the object hit, the position of the hit, and the normal vector to the surface hit. See the Types section for a list of valid object types.
 `for object in bl.boxSearch(vector{centerX,y,z}, vector{sizeX,y,z}, 'objtype'/{'objtypes',...}) do` - Find all objects in the world of the specified type(s) whose bounding box overlaps with the specified box. See the Types section for a list of valid object types.
 `for object in bl.radiusSearch(vector{centerX,y,z}, radius, 'objtype'/{'objtypes',...}) do` - Find all objects of the specified type(s) whose bounding box overlaps with the specified sphere. See the Types section for a list of valid object types.
 
+### List of Object Classes (for raycasts and searches)
+
+`'all'` - Any object
+`'player'` - Players or bots
+`'item'` - Items
+`'vehicle'` - Vehicles
+`'projectile'` - Projectiles
+`'brick'` - Bricks with raycasting enabled
+`'brickalways'` - All bricks including those with raycasting disabled
+Other types: `'static'`, `'environment'`, `'terrain'`, `'water'`, `'trigger'`, `'marker'`, `'gamebase'`, `'shapebase'`, `'camera'`, `'staticshape'`, `'vehicleblocker'`, `'explosion'`, `'corpse'`, `'debris'`, `'physicalzone'`, `'staticts'`, `'staticrendered'`, `'damagableitem'`
+
 ### Server-Client Communication
-`bl.addServerCmd('commandName', function(client, args...) yourCode end)` - Register a /command on the server  
-`bl.addClientCmd('commandName', function(args...) yourCode end)` - Register a client command on the client  
-`bl.commandToServer('commandName', args...)` - Execute a server command as a client  
-`bl.commandToClient('commandName', args...)` - As the server, execute a client command on a specific client  
+
+`bl.addServerCmd('commandName', function(client, args...) ... end)` - Register a /command on the server
+`bl.addClientCmd('commandName', function(args...) ... end)` - Register a client command on the client
+`bl.commandToServer('commandName', args...)` - As a client, execute a server command
+`bl.commandToClient(client, 'commandName', args...)` - As the server, execute a client command on a specific client
 `bl.commandToAll('commandName', args...)` - As the server, execute a client command on all clients
 
 ### Packages/Hooks
-`bl.hook('packageName', 'functionName', 'before'/'after', function(args) yourCode end)` - Hook a Torque function with a Lua function.  
+
+`bl.hook('packageName', 'functionName', 'before'/'after', function(args) ... end)` - Hook a Torque function with a Lua function.
 `args` is an array containing the arguments provided to the function. If the hook is `before`, these can be modified before being passed to the parent function.
 If `args._return` is set to anything other than nil by a `before` hook, the parent function will not be called, and the function will simply return that value. Also in this case, any `after` hook will not be executed.
 In an `after` hook, `args._return` is set to the value returned by the parent function, and can be modified.
@@ -65,10 +82,12 @@ In an `after` hook, `args._return` is set to the value returned by the parent fu
 `bl.unhook('packageName')` - Remove any previously defined hooks within the package
 
 ### Modules and Dependencies
+
 `dofile('Add-Ons/Path/file.lua')` - Execute a Lua file. Relative paths (`./file.lua`) are allowed. `..` is not allowed.
 
 `require('modulePath.moduleName')` - Load a Lua file or external library.
 `require` replaces `.` with `/` in the path, and then searches for files in the following order:
+
 - `./modulePath/moduleName.lua`
 - `./modulePath/moduleName/init.lua`
 - `modulePath/moduleName.lua` (Relative to game directory)
@@ -80,6 +99,7 @@ In an `after` hook, `args._return` is set to the value returned by the parent fu
 Like in standard Lua, modules loaded using `require` are only executed the first time `require` is called with that path (from anywhere). Subsequent calls simply return the result from the initial execution. To allow hot reloading, use `dofile`.
 
 ### File I/O
+
 Lua's builtin file I/O is emulated, and is confined to the same directories as TorqueScript file I/O.
 Relative paths (`./`) are allowed. `..` is not allowed.
 `file = io.open('./file.txt', 'r'/'w'/'a'/'rb'/'wb'/'ab')` - Open a file
@@ -90,6 +110,7 @@ Reading files from ZIPs is supported, with caveats. Null characters are not allo
 When reading from outside ZIPs, binary files are fully supported.
 
 ### Object Creation
+
 `bl.new('className')` - Create a new Torque object
 `bl.new('className', {fieldName = value, ...})` - Create a new Torque object with the given fields
 `bl.new('className objectName', fields?)` - Create a new named Torque object
@@ -98,6 +119,7 @@ When reading from outside ZIPs, binary files are fully supported.
 `bl.datablock('datablockClassName datablockName:parentDatablockName', fields?)` - Create a new datablock with inheritance
 
 ### Classes and Types
+
 `bl.type('varName', 'type')` - Register the type of a Torque global variable, for conversion when accessing from Lua. Valid types are 'boolean', 'object', 'string' (prevents automatic conversion), and nil (default, applies automatic conversion).
 `bl.type('funcName', 'type')` - Register the return type of a Torque function, for conversion when calling from Lua. Valid types are 'bool', 'object', and nil - all other conversion is automatic. Already done for all default functions.
 `bl.type('className::funcName', 'type')` - Register the return type of a Torque object method.
@@ -108,6 +130,7 @@ When reading from outside ZIPs, binary files are fully supported.
 `bl.string(arg)` - Manually convert any automatically-converted Torque value back into a string. This is not as reliable as using `bl.type` to specify the type as a string beforehand.
 
 ### Vector
+
 `vec = vector{x,y,z}` - Create a vector. Can have any number of elements
 `vec1 + vec2` - Add
 `vec1 - vec2` - Subtract
@@ -133,17 +156,21 @@ When reading from outside ZIPs, binary files are fully supported.
 `vec2 = vec:copy()` - Clone a vector so its elements can be modified without affecting the original. Usually not needed - the builtin vector functions never modify vectors in-place.
 
 ### Matrix
+
 WIP
 
 ### Extended Standard Lua Library
-`string[index]`  
-`string[{start,stop}]`  
+
+`str[index]`
+`str[{start,stop}]`
 `string.split(str, separator='' (splits into chars), noregex=false)`
 `string.bytes(str)`
 `string.trim(str, charsToTrim=' \t\r\n')`
 `table.empty`
 `table.map(func, ...)`
+`table.mapk(func, ...)`
 `table.map_list(func, ...)`
+`table.mapi_list(func, ...)`
 `table.swap(tbl)`
 `table.reverse(list)`
 `table.islist(list)`
@@ -167,49 +194,47 @@ WIP
 `math.clamp(num, min, max)`
 
 ## Type Conversion
+
 When a TorqueScript function is called from Lua or vice-versa, the arguments and return value must be converted between the two languages' type systems.
 TorqueScript stores no type information; all values in TorqueScript are strings. So it's necessary to make some inferences when converting values between the two languages.
 
 ### From Lua to TorqueScript
+
 - `nil` becomes the empty string ""
 - `true` and `false` become "1" and "0" respectively
-- Torque containers become their object ID  
+- A Torque object container becomes its object ID
 - A `vector` becomes a string containing three numbers separated by spaces
-- A table of two vectors becomes a string containing six numbers separated by spaces  
+- A table of two `vector`s becomes a string containing six numbers separated by spaces
+- (WIP) A `matrix` is converted into an axis-angle (a "transform"), a string containing seven numbers separated by spaces
 - Any `string` is passed directly as a string
 - Tables cannot be passed and will throw an error
 
 ### From TorqueScript to Lua
-- Any numeric value becomes a Lua `number`, except as specified with `bl.type`, which may convert a value into a `boolean` or a Torque object container.  
+
 - The empty string "" becomes `nil`
+- Any numeric value becomes a Lua `number`, except as specified with `bl.type`, which may convert a value into a `boolean` or a Torque object container.
 - A string containing two or three numbers separated by single spaces becomes a `vector`
 - A string containing six numbers separated by single spaces becomes a table of two vectors, usually defining the corners a bounding box
-- (WIP) A string containing seven numbers separated by single spaces is treated as an axis-angle (a "transform" in TorqueScript parlance), and is converted into a `matrix` representing the translation and rotation.
+- (WIP) A string containing seven numbers separated by single spaces is treated as an axis-angle (a "transform"), and is converted into a `matrix` representing the translation and rotation
 - Any other string is passed directly as a `string`
 
 For scenarios where the automatic TorqueScript->Lua conversion rules are insufficient or incorrect, use `bl.type`.
-To convert objects by hand, use `bl.object`, `bl.boolean`, or `bl.string`.
+To convert things by hand, use `bl.object`, `bl.boolean`, or `bl.string`.
 
 ## I/O and Safety
+
 All Lua code is sandboxed, and file access is confined to the default directories in the same way TorqueScript is.
 BlockLua also has access to any C libraries installed in the `modules/lualib` folder, so be careful throwing things in there.
-### Unsafe Mode
-BlockLua can be built in Unsafe Mode by specifying the `-DBLLUA_UNSAFE` compiler flag. This removes the sandboxing of Lua code, allowing it to access any file and use any library, including ffi.  
-Please do not publish add-ons that require unsafe mode.  
 
-### List of Object Types
-`'all'` - Any object  
-`'player'` - Players or bots  
-`'item'` - Items  
-`'vehicle'` - Vehicles  
-`'projectile'` - Projectiles  
-`'brick'` - Bricks with raycasting enabled  
-`'brickalways'` - All bricks including those with raycasting disabled  
-Other types: `'static'`, `'environment'`, `'terrain'`, `'water'`, `'trigger'`, `'marker'`, `'gamebase'`, `'shapebase'`, `'camera'`, `'staticshape'`, `'vehicleblocker'`, `'explosion'`, `'corpse'`, `'debris'`, `'physicalzone'`, `'staticts'`, `'staticrendered'`, `'damagableitem'`  
+### Unsafe Mode
+
+BlockLua can be built in Unsafe Mode by specifying the `-DBLLUA_UNSAFE` compiler flag. This removes the sandboxing of Lua code, allowing it to access any file and use any library, including ffi.
+A more limited option is `-DBLLUA_ALLOWFFI`, which allows the use of the `ffi` library. This can still be exploited to grant all the same access as full unsafe mode.
+Please do not publish add-ons that require either of these.
 
 ## Compiling
 
-With any *32-bit* variant of GCC installed (such as MinGW or MSYS2), run the following command in the repo directory:  
-`g++ src/bllua4.cpp -o BlockLua.dll -m32 -shared -static-libgcc -Isrc -Iinc/tsfuncs -Iinc/lua -lpsapi -L. -llua5.1 src/bllua`  
+With any _32-bit_ variant of GCC installed (such as MinGW or MSYS2), run the following command in the repo directory:
+`g++ src/bllua4.cpp -o BlockLua.dll -m32 -shared -static-libgcc -Isrc -Iinc/tsfuncs -Iinc/lua -lpsapi -L. -llua5.1`
 
 LuaJIT (lua5.1.dll) can be obtained from https://luajit.org/

src/bllua4.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// BlockLua (bllua4): Simple Lua interface for TorqueScript
+// BlockLua (bllua4): Advanced Lua interface for TorqueScript
 
 // Includes
 
@@ -60,23 +60,27 @@ bool init() {
 
   // Set up Lua environment
   BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaEnv);
+#ifdef BLLUA_ALLOWFFI
+  lua_pushboolean(gL, true);
+  lua_setglobal(gL, "_bllua_allowffi");
+#endif
 #ifndef BLLUA_UNSAFE
   BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaEnvSafe);
 #endif
 
+  // Load utilities in Lua
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaStd);
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaVector);
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaMatrix);
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibts);
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibbl);
+  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibblTypes);
+
   // Expose Lua API to TS
   BlAddFunction(
       NULL, NULL, "_bllua_luacall", bll_ts_luacall, "LuaCall(name, ...) - Call Lua function and return result", 2, 20);
   BlEval(bll_fileTsEnv);
-
-  // Load utilities
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaStd);
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaVector);
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaMatrix);
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibts);
   BlEval(bll_fileTsLibts);
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibbl);
-  BLL_LOAD_LUA(gL, bll_fileLuaLibblTypes);
   BlEval(bll_fileTsLibblSupport);
   BlEval(bll_fileLoadaddons);
 
@@ -89,8 +93,7 @@ bool init() {
 bool deinit() {
   BlPrintf("BlockLua: Unloading");
 
-  BlEval("deactivatePackage(_bllua_main);");
-  BlEval("$_bllua_active = 0;");
+  BlEval("$_bllua_active=0;deactivatePackage(_bllua_main);");
   bll_LuaEval(gL, "for _,f in pairs(_bllua_on_unload) do f() end");
 
   lua_close(gL);

src/lua-env-safe.lua

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ local old_require = require
 local old_os = os
 local old_debug = debug
 local old_package = package
+local old_allowffi = _bllua_allowffi
 
 -- Remove all global variables except a whitelist
 local ok_names = tmap {
@@ -39,13 +40,10 @@ end
 
 -- Sanitize file paths to point only to allowed files within the game directory
 -- List of allowed directories for reading/writing
+-- modules/lualib is also allowed as read-only
 local allowed_dirs = tmap {
   'add-ons', 'base', 'config', 'saves', 'screenshots', 'shaders'
 }
--- List of allowed directories for reading only
-local allowed_dirs_readonly = tmap {
-  'lualib'
-}
 -- List of disallowed file extensions - basically executable file extensions
 -- Note that even without this protection, exploiting would still require somehow
 --   getting a file within the allowed directories to autorun,
@@ -64,6 +62,9 @@ local disallowed_exts = tmap {
 -- Return: clean file path if allowed (or nil if disallowed),
 --         error string (or nil if allowed)
 local function safe_path(fn, readonly)
+  if type(fn) ~= 'string' then
+    return nil, 'Filename must be a string'
+  end
   fn = fn:gsub('\\', '/')
   fn = fn:gsub('^ +', '')
   fn = fn:gsub(' +$', '')
@@ -81,14 +82,15 @@ local function safe_path(fn, readonly)
   end
   -- allow only whitelisted dirs
   local dir = fn:match('^([^/]+)/')
-  if (not dir) or (
-        (not allowed_dirs[dir:lower()]) and
-        ((not readonly) or (not allowed_dirs_readonly[dir:lower()]))) then
-    return nil, 'filename is in disallowed directory ' .. (dir or 'nil')
+  if not (dir and (
+        allowed_dirs[dir:lower()] or
+        (readonly and fn:find('^modules/lualib/'))))
+  then
+    return nil, 'File is in disallowed directory ' .. (dir or 'nil')
   end
-  -- disallow blacklisted extensions or no extension
+  -- disallow blacklisted extensions
   local ext = fn:match('%.([^/%.]+)$')
-  if (not ext) or (disallowed_exts[ext:lower()]) then
+  if ext and disallowed_exts[ext:lower()] then
     return nil, 'Filename \'' .. fn .. '\' has disallowed extension \'' ..
         (ext or '') .. '\''
   end
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ local disallowed_packages = tmap {
   'ffi', 'debug', 'package', 'io', 'os',
   '_bllua_ts',
 }
+if old_allowffi then disallowed_packages['ffi'] = nil end
 function _bllua_requiresecure(name)
   if name:find('[^a-zA-Z0-9_%-%.]') or name:find('%.%.') or
       name:find('^%.') or name:find('%.$') then

src/lua-env.lua

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ end
 
 -- Called when pcall fails on a ts->lua call, used to print detailed error info
 function _bllua_on_error(err)
+  -- Convert error to string if it's not already
+  err = tostring(err)
   err = err:match(': (.+)$') or err
   local tracelines = { err }
   local level = 2
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ function _bllua_on_error(err)
     local info = debug.getinfo(level)
     if not info then break end
     local filename = debug.getfilename(level) or info.short_src
-    local funcname = info.name
+    local funcname = info.name or '<unknown>'
     if funcname == 'dofile' then break end
     table.insert(tracelines, string.format('%s:%s in function \'%s\'',
       filename,
@@ -37,5 +39,9 @@ function _bllua_on_error(err)
   return table.concat(tracelines, '\n')
 end
 
+-- overridden in lua-env-safe.lua (executed if not BLLUA_UNSAFE)
+_bllua_io_open = io.open
+_bllua_requiresecure = require
+
 print = _bllua_ts.echo
 print('  Executed bllua-env.lua')

src/util/libbl.lua

@@ -6,15 +6,33 @@ local _bllua_ts = ts
 
 bl = bl or {}
 
+-- Config
+local tsMaxArgs = 16
+local tsArgsLocal = '%a,%b,%c,%d,%e,%f,%g,%h,%i,%j,%k,%l,%m,%n,%o,%p'
+local tsArgsGlobal =
+    '$_bllua_hook_arg1,$_bllua_hook_arg2,$_bllua_hook_arg3,$_bllua_hook_arg4,' ..
+    '$_bllua_hook_arg5,$_bllua_hook_arg6,$_bllua_hook_arg7,$_bllua_hook_arg8,' ..
+    '$_bllua_hook_arg9,$_bllua_hook_arg10,$_bllua_hook_arg11,$_bllua_hook_arg12,' ..
+    '$_bllua_hook_arg13,$_bllua_hook_arg14,$_bllua_hook_arg15,$_bllua_hook_arg16'
+
 -- Misc
--- Apply a function to each element in a list, building a new list from the returns
-local function map(t,f)
-	local u = {}
-	for i,v in ipairs(t) do
-		u[i] = f(v)
+local function ipairsNilable(t)
+  local maxk = 0
+  for k, _ in pairs(t) do
+    if k > maxk then maxk = k end
   end
-	return u
+  local i = 0
+  return function()
+    i = i + 1
+    if i > maxk then
+      return nil
+    else
+      return i, t[i]
     end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Validation
 local function isValidFuncName(name)
   return type(name) == 'string' and name:find('^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$')
 end
@@ -107,27 +125,34 @@ end
 
 -- Type conversion from TS to Lua
 local fromTsForceTypes = {
-	['boolean'] = tsBool,
-	['object'] = function(val) toTsObject(val) end, -- wrap because toTsObject not defined yet
+  ['boolean'] = function(val) return tsBool(val) end,
+  ['object'] = function(val) return toTsObject(val) end, -- wrap because toTsObject not defined yet
   ['string'] = function(val) return val end,
 }
 local function forceValFromTs(val, typ)
-	return fromTsForceTypes[typ](val) or
-		error('valFromTs: invalid force type '..typ, 4)
+  local func = fromTsForceTypes[typ]
+  if not func then error('valFromTs: invalid force type \'' .. typ .. '\'', 4) end
+  return func(val)
 end
 local function vectorFromTs(val)
   local xS, yS, zS = val:match('^(%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+)$')
-	if xS then return vector{tonumber(xS),tonumber(yS),tonumber(zS)}
-	else return nil end
+  if xS then
+    return vector { tonumber(xS), tonumber(yS), tonumber(zS) }
+  else
+    return nil
+  end
 end
 local function boxFromTs(val)
   local x1S, y1S, z1S, x2S, y2S, z2S = val:match(
     '^(%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+) ' ..
     '(%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+) (%-?[0-9%.e]+)$')
-	if x1S then return {
+  if x1S then
+    return {
       vector { tonumber(x1S), tonumber(y1S), tonumber(z1S) },
       vector { tonumber(x2S), tonumber(y2S), tonumber(z2S) } }
-	else return nil end
+  else
+    return nil
+  end
 end
 local function multinumericFromTs(val)
   local tsNumPat = '%-?[0-9]+%.?[0-9]*e?[0-9]*'
@@ -154,9 +179,11 @@ local function multinumericFromTs(val)
   end
 end
 bl._forceType = bl._forceType or {}
-local function valFromTs(val, name, name2) -- todo: ensure name and name2 are already lowercase
+-- todo: ensure name and name2 are already lowercase
+local function valFromTs(val, name, name2)
   if type(val) ~= 'string' then
-		error('valFromTs: expected string, got '..type(val), 3) end
+    error('valFromTs: expected string, got ' .. type(val), 3)
+  end
   if name then
     name = name:lower()
     if bl._forceType[name] then
@@ -177,31 +204,42 @@ local function valFromTs(val, name, name2) -- todo: ensure name and name2 are al
   -- vector, box, or axis->matrix
   local vec = multinumericFromTs(val)
   if vec then return vec end
+  -- net string
+  if val:sub(1, 1) == '\001' then
+    return _bllua_ts.call('getTaggedString', val)
+  end
   -- string
   return val
 end
 local function arglistFromTs(name, argsS)
   local args = {}
-	for i,arg in ipairs(argsS) do
+  for i, arg in ipairsNilable(argsS) do
     args[i] = valFromTs(arg, name .. ':' .. i)
   end
   return args
 end
 local function arglistToTs(args)
-	return map(args, valToTs)
+  local argsS = {}
+  for i, v in ipairsNilable(args) do
+    table.insert(argsS, valToTs(v))
+  end
+  return argsS
 end
 local function classFromForceTypeStr(name)
   local class, rest = name:match('^([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(::.+)$')
   if not class then
-		class, rest = name:match('^([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(%..+)$') end
+    class, rest = name:match('^([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(%..+)$')
+  end
   return class, rest
 end
 local setForceType
 setForceType = function(ftname, typ)
   if typ ~= nil and not fromTsForceTypes[typ] then
-		error('bl.type: invalid type \''..typ..'\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.type: invalid type \'' .. typ .. '\'', 2)
+  end
   if not isValidFuncNameNsArgn(ftname) then
-		error('bl.type: invalid function or variable name \''..ftname..'\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.type: invalid function or variable name \'' .. ftname .. '\'', 2)
+  end
 
   ftname = ftname:lower()
 
@@ -252,15 +290,19 @@ local function tsIsFunction(name) return tsBool(_bllua_ts.call('isFunction', nam
 local function tsIsFunctionNs(ns, name) return tsBool(_bllua_ts.call('isFunction', ns, name)) end
 local function tsIsFunctionNsname(nsname)
   local ns, name = nsname:match('^([^:]+)::([^:]+)$')
-	if ns then return tsIsFunctionNs(ns, name)
-	else return tsIsFunction(nsname) end
+  if ns then
+    return tsIsFunctionNs(ns, name)
+  else
+    return tsIsFunction(nsname)
+  end
 end
 -- sanity check to make sure objects that don't isObject are always marked as ._deleted
 -- can be removed later
 local function assertTsObjectExists(obj)
   local is = tsIsObject(obj._tsObjectId)
   if not is then
-		print('Warning: TS object :exists or isobject from lua but no longer exists') end
+    print('Warning: TS object :exists or isobject from lua but no longer exists')
+  end
   return is
 end
 function bl.isObject(obj)
@@ -278,6 +320,7 @@ function bl.isObject(obj)
     error('bl.isObject: argument #1: expected torque object, number, or string', 2)
   end
 end
+
 function bl.isFunction(name)
   return tsIsFunctionNsname(name)
 end
@@ -292,9 +335,11 @@ local tsClassMeta = {
 bl._objectUserMetas = bl._objectUserMetas or {}
 function bl.class(cname, inhname)
   if not (type(cname) == 'string' and isValidFuncName(cname)) then
-		error('bl.class: argument #1: invalid class name', 2) end
+    error('bl.class: argument #1: invalid class name', 2)
+  end
   if not (inhname == nil or (type(inhname) == 'string' and isValidFuncName(inhname))) then
-		error('bl.class: argument #2: inherit name must be a string or nil', 2) end
+    error('bl.class: argument #2: inherit name must be a string or nil', 2)
+  end
   cname = cname:lower()
 
   local met = bl._objectUserMetas[cname] or {
@@ -309,15 +354,18 @@ function bl.class(cname, inhname)
     inhname = inhname:lower()
 
     local inh = bl._objectUserMetas[inhname]
-		if not inh then error('bl.class: argument #2: \''..inhname..'\' is not the '..
-			'name of an existing class', 2) end
+    if not inh then
+      error('bl.class: argument #2: \'' .. inhname .. '\' is not the ' ..
+        'name of an existing class', 2)
+    end
 
     inh._children[cname] = true
 
     local inhI = met._inherit
     if inhI and inhI ~= inh then
       error('bl.class: argument #2: class already exists and ' ..
-				'inherits a different parent.', 2) end
+        'inherits a different parent.', 2)
+    end
     met._inherit = inh
 
     -- apply inherited method and field types
@@ -329,6 +377,7 @@ function bl.class(cname, inhname)
     end
   end
 end
+
 local function objectInheritedMetas(name)
   local inh = bl._objectUserMetas[name:lower()]
   return function()
@@ -343,15 +392,18 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- Return torque member function or value
   __index = function(t, name)
     if rawget(t, '_deleted') then
-			error('ts object index: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object index: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     if type(name) ~= 'string' and type(name) ~= 'number' then
-			error('ts object index: index must be a string or number', 2) end
+      error('ts object index: index must be a string or number', 2)
+    end
     if getmetatable(t)[name] then
       return getmetatable(t)[name]
     elseif type(name) == 'number' then
       if not tsIsFunctionNs(rawget(t, '_tsNamespace'), 'getObject') then
         error('ts object __index: index is number, but object does not have ' ..
-					'getObject method', 2) end
+          'getObject method', 2)
+      end
       return toTsObject(_bllua_ts.callobj(t._tsObjectId, 'getObject',
         tostring(name)))
     else
@@ -362,17 +414,20 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
           tsIsFunctionNs(rawget(t, '_tsNamespace'), name) or
           tsIsFunctionNs(rawget(t, '_tsName'), name)
       then
-				return function(t, ...)
-					local args = {...}
-					local argsS = arglistToTs(args)
-					return valFromTs(
-						_bllua_ts.callobj(rawget(t,'_tsObjectId'), name, unpack(argsS)),
-						rawget(t,'_tsName') and rawget(t,'_tsName')..'::'..name,
-						rawget(t,'_tsNamespace')..'::'..name)
+        return function(t2, ...)
+          if t2 == nil or type(t2) ~= 'table' or not t2._tsObjectId then
+            error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+          end
+          local argsS = arglistToTs({ ... })
+          local res =
+              _bllua_ts.callobj(t2._tsObjectId, name, unpack(argsS))
+          return valFromTs(res,
+            t2._tsName and t2._tsName .. '::' .. name,
+            t2._tsNamespace .. '::' .. name)
         end
       else
-				return valFromTs(
-					_bllua_ts.getfield(rawget(t,'_tsObjectId'), name),
+        local res = _bllua_ts.getfield(rawget(t, '_tsObjectId'), name)
+        return valFromTs(res,
           rawget(t, '_tsName') and rawget(t, '_tsName') .. '.' .. name,
           rawget(t, '_tsNamespace') .. '.' .. name)
       end
@@ -383,9 +438,11 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- Use :set() to set Torque data
   __newindex = function(t, name, val)
     if rawget(t, '_deleted') then
-			error('ts object newindex: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object newindex: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     if type(name) ~= 'string' then
-			error('ts object newindex: index must be a string', 2) end
+      error('ts object newindex: index must be a string', 2)
+    end
     rawset(t, name, val)
     -- create strong reference since it's now storing lua data
     bl._objectsStrong[rawget(t, '_tsObjectId')] = t
@@ -394,11 +451,14 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- Use to set torque data
   set = function(t, name, val)
     if t == nil or type(t) ~= 'table' or not t._tsObjectId then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     if type(name) ~= 'string' then
-			error('ts object :set(): index must be a string', 2) end
+      error('ts object :set(): index must be a string', 2)
+    end
     _bllua_ts.setfield(t._tsObjectId, name, valToTs(val))
   end,
   -- __tostring: Called when printing
@@ -412,9 +472,11 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- If the object has a getCount method, return its count
   __len = function(t)
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object __len: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object __len: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     if not tsIsFunctionNs(t._tsNamespace, 'getCount') then
-			error('ts object __len: object has no getCount method', 2) end
+      error('ts object __len: object has no getCount method', 2)
+    end
     return tonumber(_bllua_ts.callobj(t._tsObjectId, 'getCount'))
   end,
   -- object:members()
@@ -422,14 +484,17 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- for index, object in group:members() do ... end
   members = function(t)
     if t == nil then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     if not (
           tsIsFunctionNs(t._tsNamespace, 'getCount') and
           tsIsFunctionNs(t._tsNamespace, 'getObject')) then
       error('ts object :members() - ' ..
-				'Object does not have getCount and getObject methods', 2) end
+        'Object does not have getCount and getObject methods', 2)
+    end
     local count = tonumber(_bllua_ts.callobj(t._tsObjectId, 'getCount'))
     local idx = 0
     return function()
@@ -437,7 +502,8 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
         local obj = toTsObject(_bllua_ts.callobj(t._tsObjectId,
           'getObject', tostring(idx)))
         idx = idx + 1
-				return idx-1, obj
+        --return idx-1, obj
+        return obj
       else
         return nil
       end
@@ -446,23 +512,29 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   -- Wrap some Torque functions for performance and error checking
   getName = function(t)
     if t == nil then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     return t._tsName
   end,
   getId = function(t)
     if t == nil then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     return tonumber(t._tsObjectId)
   end,
   getType = function(t)
     if t == nil then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
-			error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: object no longer exists', 2)
+    end
     return tsTypesByNum[_bllua_ts.callobj(t._tsObjectId, 'getType')]
   end,
   ---- Schedule method for objects
@@ -484,7 +556,8 @@ local tsObjectMeta = {
   --end,
   exists = function(t)
     if t == nil then
-			error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2) end
+      error('ts object method: be sure to use :func() not .func()', 2)
+    end
     if t._deleted then
       return false
     else
@@ -518,13 +591,15 @@ end
 -- Return a Torque object for the object ID string, or create one if none exists
 toTsObject = function(idiS)
   if type(idiS) ~= 'string' then
-		error('toTsObject: input must be a string', 2) end
+    error('toTsObject: input must be a string', 2)
+  end
   idiS = idiS:lower()
   if bl._objectsWeak[idiS] then return bl._objectsWeak[idiS] end
 
   if not tsIsObject(idiS) then
     --error('toTsObject: object \''..idiS..'\' does not exist', 2) end
-		return nil end
+    return nil
+  end
 
   local className = _bllua_ts.callobj(idiS, 'getClassName')
   local obj = {
@@ -544,14 +619,13 @@ end
 local function safeNamespaceName(name)
   return tostring(name:gsub(':', '_'))
 end
-local nscallArgStr = '%a,%b,%c,%d,%e,%f,%g,%h'
 bl._cachedNamespaceCalls = {}
 local function tsNamespacedCallTfname(name)
   local tfname = bl._cachedNamespaceCalls[name]
   if not tfname then
     tfname = '_bllua_nscall_' .. safeNamespaceName(name)
-		local tfcode = 'function '..tfname..'('..nscallArgStr..'){'..
-			name..'('..nscallArgStr..');}'
+    local tfcode = 'function ' .. tfname .. '(' .. tsArgsLocal .. '){' ..
+        name .. '(' .. tsArgsLocal .. ');}'
     _bllua_ts.eval(tfcode)
     bl._cachedNamespaceCalls[name] = tfname
   end
@@ -559,9 +633,9 @@ local function tsNamespacedCallTfname(name)
 end
 local function tsCallGen(name)
   return function(...)
-		local args = {...}
-		local argsS = arglistToTs(args)
-		return valFromTs(_bllua_ts.call(name, unpack(argsS)), name)
+    local argsS = arglistToTs({ ... })
+    local res = _bllua_ts.call(name, unpack(argsS))
+    return valFromTs(res, name)
   end
 end
 
@@ -587,14 +661,16 @@ local tsMeta = {
         if not rest:find('::') and tsIsFunctionNs(ns, rest) then
           return tsCallGen(tsNamespacedCallTfname(name))
         else
-					return valFromTs(_bllua_ts.getvar(name), name)
+          local res = _bllua_ts.getvar(name)
+          return valFromTs(res, name)
         end
       elseif tsIsFunction(name) then
         return tsCallGen(name)
       elseif tsIsObject(name) then
         return toTsObject(name)
       else
-				return valFromTs(_bllua_ts.getvar(name), name)
+        local res = _bllua_ts.getvar(name)
+        return valFromTs(res, name)
       end
     end
   end,
@@ -612,16 +688,22 @@ function bl.call(func, ...)
   local argsS = arglistToTs(args)
   return _bllua_ts.call(func, unpack(argsS))
 end
+
 function bl.eval(code)
-	return valFromTs(_bllua_ts.eval(code))
+  local res = _bllua_ts.eval(code)
+  return valFromTs(res)
 end
+
 function bl.exec(file)
-	return valFromTs(_bllua_ts.call('exec', file))
+  local res = _bllua_ts.call('exec', file)
+  return valFromTs(res)
 end
+
 function bl.array(name, ...)
   local rest = { ... }
   return name .. table.concat(rest, '_')
 end
+
 function bl.boolean(val)
   return val ~= nil and
       val ~= false and
@@ -629,6 +711,7 @@ function bl.boolean(val)
       --val~='0' and
       val ~= 0
 end
+
 function bl.object(id)
   if type(id) == 'table' and id._tsObjectId then
     return id
@@ -638,6 +721,7 @@ function bl.object(id)
     error('bl.object: id must be a ts object, number, or string', 2)
   end
 end
+
 function bl.string(val)
   return valFromTsTostring(val)
 end
@@ -645,26 +729,36 @@ end
 -- Lua calling from TS
 local luaLookup
 luaLookup = function(tbl, name, set, val)
-	print('lookup', tbl, name, set, val)
   if name:find('%.') then
     local first, rest = name:match('^([^%.:]+)%.(.+)$')
     if not isValidFuncName(first) then
-			error('luaLookup: invalid name \''..tostring(first)..'\'', 3) end
-		if not tbl[first] then
-			if set then tbl[first] = {}
-			else return nil end
+      error('luaLookup: invalid name \'' .. tostring(first) .. '\'', 3)
+    end
+    if tbl[first] == nil then
+      if set then
+        tbl[first] = {}
+      else
+        return nil
+      end
     end
     return luaLookup(tbl[first], rest, set, val)
   elseif name:find(':') then
     local first, rest = name:match('^([^%.:]+):(.*)$')
     if rest:find('[%.:]') then
-			error('luacall: cannot have : or . after :', 3) end
+      error('luacall: cannot have : or . after :', 3)
+    end
     if not isValidFuncName(first) then
-			error('luacall: invalid name \''..tostring(first)..'\'', 3) end
+      error('luacall: invalid name \'' .. tostring(first) .. '\'', 3)
+    end
+    if not isValidFuncName(rest) then
+      error('luacall: invalid method name \'' .. tostring(first) .. '\'', 3)
+    end
     if not tbl[first] then
-			error('luacall: no object named \''..rest..'\'', 3) end
-		if not tbl[first][rest] then
-			error('luacall: no method named \''..rest..'\'', 3) end
+      error('luacall: no object named \'' .. rest .. '\'', 3)
+    end
+    if tbl[first][rest] == nil then
+      error('luacall: no method named \'' .. rest .. '\'', 3)
+    end
     return function(...)
       tbl[first][rest](tbl[first], ...)
     end
@@ -681,19 +775,23 @@ function _bllua_call(fname, ...)
   local args = arglistFromTs(fname:lower(), { ... }) -- todo: separate lua from ts func names?
   local func = luaLookup(_G, fname)
   if not func then
-		error('luacall: no global in lua named \''..name..'\'', 2) end
+    error('luacall: no global in lua named \'' .. fname .. '\'', 2)
+  end
   local res = func(unpack(args))
   return valToTs(res)
 end
+
 function _bllua_getvar(vname)
   return valToTs(luaLookup(_G, vname))
 end
+
 function _bllua_setvar(vname, valS)
   return valToTs(luaLookup(_G, vname, true, valFromTs(valS, vname))) -- todo: separate lua from ts var names?
 end
-function _bllua_eval(code) return loadstring(code)() end
-function _bllua_exec(fn) return dofile(fn, 2) end
 
+function _bllua_eval(code) return loadstring(code)() end
+
+function _bllua_exec(fn) return dofile(fn, 2) end
 
 -- bl.schedule: Use TS's schedule function to schedule lua calls
 -- bl.schedule(time, function, args...)
@@ -721,6 +819,7 @@ function bl.schedule(time, cb, ...)
   bl._scheduleTable[id] = sch
   return sch
 end
+
 function _bllua_schedule_callback(idS)
   local id = tonumber(idS) or
       error('_bllua_schedule_callback: invalid id: ' .. tostring(idS))
@@ -739,19 +838,21 @@ function _bllua_process_cmd(cmdS, ...)
   if not func then error('_bllua_process_cmd: no cmd named \'' .. cmd .. '\'') end
   func(unpack(args)) --pcall(func, unpack(args))
 end
+
 local function addCmd(cmd, func)
   if not isValidFuncName(cmd) then
-		error('addCmd: invalid function name \''..tostring(cmd)..'\'') end
+    error('addCmd: invalid function name \'' .. tostring(cmd) .. '\'')
+  end
   bl._cmds[cmd] = func
-	local arglist = '%a,%b,%c,%d,%e,%f,%g,%h,%i,%j,%k,%l,%m,%n,%o,%p'
-	_bllua_ts.eval('function '..cmd..'('..arglist..'){'..
-		'_bllua_luacall(_bllua_process_cmd,"'..cmd..'",'..arglist..');}')
+  _bllua_ts.eval('function ' .. cmd .. '(' .. tsArgsLocal .. '){' ..
+    '_bllua_luacall(_bllua_process_cmd,"' .. cmd .. '",' .. tsArgsLocal .. ');}')
 end
 function bl.addServerCmd(name, func)
   name = name:lower()
   addCmd('servercmd' .. name, func)
   bl._forceType['servercmd' .. name .. ':1'] = 'object'
 end
+
 function bl.addClientCmd(name, func)
   name = name:lower()
   addCmd('clientcmd' .. name, func)
@@ -763,11 +864,14 @@ function bl.commandToServer(cmd, ...)
     _bllua_ts.call('addTaggedString', cmd),
     unpack(arglistToTs({ ... })))
 end
-function bl.commandToClient(cmd, ...)
+
+function bl.commandToClient(client, cmd, ...)
   _bllua_ts.call('commandToClient',
+    valToTs(client),
     _bllua_ts.call('addTaggedString', cmd),
     unpack(arglistToTs({ ... })))
 end
+
 function bl.commandToAll(cmd, ...)
   _bllua_ts.call('commandToAll',
     _bllua_ts.call('addTaggedString', cmd),
@@ -793,26 +897,25 @@ local function deactivatePackage(pkg)
     _bllua_ts.call('deactivatePackage', pkg)
   end
 end
-local hookNargs = 8
-local hookArglistLocal = '%a,%b,%c,%d,%e,%f,%g,%h'
-local hookArglistGlobal = '$_bllua_hook_arg1,$_bllua_hook_arg2,$_bllua_hook_arg3,$_bllua_hook_arg4,$_bllua_hook_arg5,$_bllua_hook_arg6,$_bllua_hook_arg7,$_bllua_hook_arg8'
 bl._hooks = bl._hooks or {}
 function _bllua_process_hook_before(pkgS, nameS, ...)
   local args = arglistFromTs(nameS, { ... })
   local func = bl._hooks[pkgS] and bl._hooks[pkgS][nameS] and
       bl._hooks[pkgS][nameS].before
   if not func then
-		error('_bllua_process_hook_before: no hook for '..pkgs..':'..nameS) end
+    error('_bllua_process_hook_before: no hook for ' .. pkgs .. ':' .. nameS)
+  end
   _bllua_ts.setvar('_bllua_hook_abort', '0')
   func(args) --pcall(func, args)
   if args._return then
     _bllua_ts.setvar('_bllua_hook_abort', '1')
     _bllua_ts.setvar('_bllua_hook_return', valToTs(args._return))
   end
-	for i=1,hookNargs do
+  for i = 1, tsMaxArgs do
     _bllua_ts.setvar('_bllua_hook_arg' .. i, valToTs(args[i]))
   end
 end
+
 function _bllua_process_hook_after(pkgS, nameS, resultS, ...)
   nameS = nameS:lower()
   local args = arglistFromTs(nameS, { ... })
@@ -820,15 +923,17 @@ function _bllua_process_hook_after(pkgS, nameS, resultS, ...)
   local func = bl._hooks[pkgS] and bl._hooks[pkgS][nameS] and
       bl._hooks[pkgS][nameS].after
   if not func then
-		error('_bllua_process_hook_after: no hook for '..pkgs..':'..nameS) end
+    error('_bllua_process_hook_after: no hook for ' .. pkgs .. ':' .. nameS)
+  end
   func(args) --pcall(func, args)
   return valToTs(args._return)
 end
+
 local function updateHook(pkg, name, hk)
   local beforeCode = hk.before and
       ('_bllua_luacall("_bllua_process_hook_before","' .. pkg .. '","' .. name ..
-			'",'..hookArglistLocal..');') or ''
-	local arglist = (hk.before and hookArglistGlobal or hookArglistLocal)
+        '",' .. tsArgsLocal .. ');') or ''
+  local arglist = (hk.before and tsArgsGlobal or tsArgsLocal)
   local parentCode =
       tsIsFunctionNsname(name) and -- only call parent if it exists
       (hk.before and
@@ -841,21 +946,26 @@ local function updateHook(pkg, name, hk)
         arglist .. ');') or ''
   local code =
       'package ' .. pkg .. '{' ..
-			'function '..name..'('..hookArglistLocal..'){'..
+      'function ' .. name .. '(' .. tsArgsLocal .. '){' ..
       beforeCode .. parentCode .. afterCode ..
       '}' ..
       '};'
+  print('bl.hook eval output: [[' .. code .. ']]')
   _bllua_ts.eval(code)
 end
 function bl.hook(pkg, name, time, func)
   if not isValidFuncName(pkg) then
-		error('bl.hook: argument #1: invalid package name \''..tostring(pkg)..'\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.hook: argument #1: invalid package name \'' .. tostring(pkg) .. '\'', 2)
+  end
   if not isValidFuncNameNs(name) then
-		error('bl.hook: argument #2: invalid function name \''..tostring(name)..'\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.hook: argument #2: invalid function name \'' .. tostring(name) .. '\'', 2)
+  end
   if time ~= 'before' and time ~= 'after' then
-		error('bl.hook: argument #3: time must be \'before\' or \'after\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.hook: argument #3: time must be \'before\' or \'after\'', 2)
+  end
   if type(func) ~= 'function' then
-		error('bl.hook: argument #4: expected a function', 2) end
+    error('bl.hook: argument #4: expected a function', 2)
+  end
 
   bl._hooks[pkg]             = bl._hooks[pkg] or {}
   bl._hooks[pkg][name]       = bl._hooks[pkg][name] or {}
@@ -864,16 +974,20 @@ function bl.hook(pkg, name, time, func)
   updateHook(pkg, name, bl._hooks[pkg][name])
   activatePackage(pkg)
 end
+
 local function tableEmpty(t)
   return next(t) ~= nil
 end
 function bl.unhook(pkg, name, time)
   if not isValidFuncName(pkg) then
-		error('bl.unhook: argument #1: invalid package name \''..tostring(pkg)..'\'', 2) end
-	if not isValidFuncNameNs(name) then
-		error('bl.unhook: argument #2: invalid function name \''..tostring(name)..'\'', 2) end
-	if time~='before' and time~='after' then
-		error('bl.unhook: argument #3: time must be \'before\' or \'after\'', 2) end
+    error('bl.unhook: argument #1: invalid package name \'' .. tostring(pkg) .. '\'', 2)
+  end
+  if name and not isValidFuncNameNs(name) then
+    error('bl.unhook: argument #2: invalid function name \'' .. tostring(name) .. '\'', 2)
+  end
+  if time and time ~= 'before' and time ~= 'after' then
+    error('bl.unhook: argument #3: time must be \'before\' or \'after\'', 2)
+  end
 
   if not name then
     if bl._hooks[pkg] then
@@ -897,12 +1011,16 @@ function bl.unhook(pkg, name, time)
         updateHook(pkg, name, {})
       else
         if time ~= 'before' and time ~= 'after' then
-					error('bl.unhook: argument #3: time must be nil, \'before\', or \'after\'', 2) end
+          error('bl.unhook: argument #3: time must be nil, \'before\', or \'after\'', 2)
+        end
         bl._hooks[pkg][name][time] = nil
-				if tableEmpty(bl._hooks[pkg][name]) and tableEmpty(bl._hooks[pkg]) then
+        if tableEmpty(bl._hooks[pkg][name]) then
+          bl._hooks[pkg][name] = nil
+        end
+        if tableEmpty(bl._hooks[pkg]) then
           bl._hooks[pkg] = nil
-					deactivatePackage(pkg)
           updateHook(pkg, name, {})
+          deactivatePackage(pkg)
         else
           updateHook(pkg, name, bl._hooks[pkg][name])
         end
@@ -917,14 +1035,16 @@ end
 -- Container search/raycast
 local function vecToTs(v)
   if not isTsVector(v) then
-		error('vecToTs: argument is not a vector', 3) end
+    error('vecToTs: argument is not a vector', 3)
+  end
   return table.concat(v, ' ')
 end
 local function maskToTs(mask)
   if type(mask) == 'string' then
     local val = tsTypesByName[mask:lower()]
     if not val then
-			error('maskToTs: invalid mask \''..mask..'\'', 3) end
+      error('maskToTs: invalid mask \'' .. mask .. '\'', 3)
+    end
     return tostring(val)
   elseif type(mask) == 'table' then
     local tval = 0
@@ -934,7 +1054,8 @@ local function maskToTs(mask)
         local val = tsTypesByName[v:lower()]
         if not val then
           error('maskToTs: invalid mask \'' .. v ..
-						'\' at index '..i..' in mask list', 3) end
+            '\' at index ' .. i .. ' in mask list', 3)
+        end
         tval = tval + val
         seen[v] = true
       end
@@ -958,7 +1079,7 @@ function bl.raycast(start, stop, mask, ignores)
   local stopS = vecToTs(start)
   local maskS = maskToTs(mask)
   local ignoresS = {}
-	for _,v in ipairs(ignores) do
+  for _, v in ipairsNilable(ignores) do
     table.insert(ignoresS, objToTs(v))
   end
 
@@ -976,6 +1097,7 @@ function bl.raycast(start, stop, mask, ignores)
     return hit, pos, norm
   end
 end
+
 local function tsContainerSearchIterator()
   local retS = _bllua_ts.call('containerSearchNext')
   if retS == '0' then
@@ -992,10 +1114,12 @@ function bl.boxSearch(pos, size, mask)
   _bllua_ts.call('initContainerBoxSearch', posS, sizeS, maskS)
   return tsContainerSearchIterator
 end
+
 function bl.radiusSearch(pos, radius, mask)
   local posS = vecToTs(pos)
   if type(radius) ~= 'number' then
-		error('bl.radiusSearch: argument #2: radius must be a number', 2) end
+    error('bl.radiusSearch: argument #2: radius must be a number', 2)
+  end
   local radiusS = tostring(radius)
   local maskS = maskToTs(mask)
 
@@ -1007,7 +1131,7 @@ end
 local maxTsArgLen = 8192
 local function valsToString(vals)
   local strs = {}
-	for i,v in ipairs(vals) do
+  for i, v in ipairsNilable(vals) do
     local tstr = table.tostring(v)
     if #tstr > maxTsArgLen then
       tstr = tostring(v)
@@ -1033,7 +1157,8 @@ local function createTsObj(keyword, class, name, inherit, props)
   if props then
     for k, v in pairs(props) do
       if not isValidFuncName(k) then
-				error('bl.new/bl.datablock: invalid property name \''..k..'\'') end
+        error('bl.new/bl.datablock: invalid property name \'' .. k .. '\'')
+      end
       table.insert(propsT, k .. '="' .. valToTs(v) .. '";')
     end
   end
@@ -1044,7 +1169,8 @@ local function createTsObj(keyword, class, name, inherit, props)
     table.concat(propsT) .. '};')
   local obj = toTsObject(objS)
   if not obj then
-		error('bl.new/bl.datablock: failed to create object', 3) end
+    error('bl.new/bl.datablock: failed to create object', 3)
+  end
 
   return obj
 end
@@ -1069,13 +1195,15 @@ local function parseTsDecl(decl)
         (inherit == nil or isValidFuncName(inherit))) then
     error('bl.new/bl.datablock: invalid decl \'' .. decl .. '\'\n' ..
       'must be of the format: \'className\', \'className name\', ' ..
-			'\'className :inherit\', or \'className name:inherit\'', 3) end
+      '\'className :inherit\', or \'className name:inherit\'', 3)
+  end
   return class, name, inherit
 end
 function bl.new(decl, props)
   local class, name, inherit = parseTsDecl(decl)
   return createTsObj('new', class, name, inherit, props)
 end
+
 function bl.datablock(decl, props)
   local class, name, inherit = parseTsDecl(decl)
   if not name then error('bl.datablock: must specify a name', 2) end

src/util/libts-lua.lua

@@ -93,11 +93,15 @@ local allowed_zip_dirs = tflip {
 local function io_open_absolute(fn, mode)
   -- if file exists, use original mode
   local res, err = _bllua_io_open(fn, mode)
-  if res then return res end
+  if res then
+    return res
+  elseif err and not err:find('No such file or directory$') then
+    return nil, err
+  end
 
   -- otherwise, if TS sees file but Lua doesn't, it must be in a zip, so use TS reader
   local dir = fn:match('^[^/]+')
-  if not allowed_zip_dirs[dir:lower()] then return nil, 'File is not in one of the allowed directories' end
+  if not allowed_zip_dirs[dir:lower()] then return nil, 'Zip is not in one of the allowed directories' end
   local exist = _bllua_ts.call('isFile', fn) == '1'
   if not exist then return nil, err end
 

src/util/std.lua

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 -- Table / List
 -- Whether a table contains no keys
 function table.empty(t)
-  return next(t) ~= nil
+  return next(t) == nil
 end
 
 -- Apply a function to each key in a table
@@ -13,8 +13,19 @@ function table.map(f, ...)
   local u = {}
   for k, _ in pairs(ts[1]) do
     local args = {}
-    for j = 1, #ts do args[j] = ts[j][i] end
-    u[i] = f(unpack(args))
+    for j = 1, #ts do args[j] = ts[j][k] end
+    u[k] = f(unpack(args))
+  end
+  return u
+end
+
+function table.mapk(f, ...)
+  local ts = { ... }
+  local u = {}
+  for k, _ in pairs(ts[1]) do
+    local args = {}
+    for j = 1, #ts do args[j] = ts[j][k] end
+    u[k] = f(k, unpack(args))
   end
   return u
 end
@@ -30,6 +41,17 @@ function table.map_list(f, ...)
   return u
 end
 
+function table.mapi_list(f, ...)
+  local ts = { ... }
+  local u = {}
+  for i = 1, #ts[1] do
+    local args = {}
+    for j = 1, #ts do args[j] = ts[j][i] end
+    u[i] = f(i, unpack(args))
+  end
+  return u
+end
+
 -- Swap keys/values
 function table.swap(t)
   local u = {}
@@ -193,7 +215,7 @@ valueToString = function(v, tabLevel, seen)
     return tostring(v)
   else
     --error('table.tostring: table contains a '..t..' value, cannot serialize')
-    return 'nil --[[ cannot serialize ' .. tostring(v) .. ' ]]'
+    return 'nil --[[ ' .. tostring(v) .. ' ]]'
   end
 end
 function table.tostring(t)