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This is a distribution of NASM, the Netwide Assembler. NASM is a
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prototype general-purpose x86 assembler. It will currently output
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flat-form binary files, a.out, COFF and ELF Unix object files,
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Microsoft Win32 and 16-bit DOS object files, OS/2 object files, the
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as86 object format, and a home-grown format called RDOFF.
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Also included is NDISASM, a prototype x86 binary-file disassembler
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which uses the same instruction table as NASM.
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To install NASM on UNIX or Linux, type `./configure', then `make', and
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then either `make install', or copy the file `nasm' (and maybe
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`ndisasm') to a directory on your search path (maybe /usr/local/bin,
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or ~/bin if you don't have root access). You may also want to copy the
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man page `nasm.1' (and maybe `ndisasm.1') to somewhere sensible. Note
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that source and binaries are also available in RPM format; to install
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an RPM on a system which uses this packaging format (mostly Linux
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distributions) simply do "rpm -Uivh filename.rpm".
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To install under DOS, if you don't need to rebuild from the sources,
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you can just copy either nasm.exe and ndisasm.exe (32-bit DOS-extended
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versions), nasmr.exe and ndisasmr.exe (16-bit classical DOS
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executables), or nasmw.exe and ndisasmw.exe (Win32 console
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applications - less likely to run out of memory), to somewhere on your
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PATH.
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The 32-bit applications require a DPMI server. If you're running
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under plain DOS and don't have a DPMI server already, you can get
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CSDPMI from ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2misc/.
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To rebuild the DOS sources, various makefiles are provided:
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- Makefile.dos, the one I build the standard 16-bit releases from,
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designed for a hybrid system using Microsoft C and Borland Make
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(don't ask why :-)
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- Makefile.vc, for Microsoft Visual C++ compiling to a Win32
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command-line application. This is the one I build the standard
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Win32 release binaries from.
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- Makefile.bor, for Borland C.
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- Makefile.bc2, also for Borland C, contributed by Fox Cutter.
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Reported to work better than Makefile.bor on some systems.
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- Makefile.sc, for Symantec C++, compiling to a 32-bit extended DOS
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executable.. Contributed by Mark Junker.
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- Makefile.scw, also for Symantec C++, compiling to a Win32 command-
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line application. Also contributed by Mark Junker.
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- Makefile.wc, for Watcom C, compiling to a 32-bit extended DOS
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executable. Contributed by Dominik Behr.
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- Makefile.wcw, also for Watcom C, compiling to a Win32 command-
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line application. Also contributed by Dominik Behr.
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- Makefile.dj, for DJGPP, compiling to a 32-bit extended DOS
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executable. Contributed by Dominik Behr.
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- Makefile.lcc, for lcc-win32, compiling to a Win32 command line
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application. (The lcc-win32 compiler and tools are available from
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http://www.remcomp.com/lcc-win32/)
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I can't guarantee that all of those makefiles work, because I don't
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have all of those compilers. However, Makefile.dos and Makefile.vc
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work on my system, and so do Makefile.bor and Makefile.bc2.
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Be careful with Borland C: there have been various conflicting
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reports about how reliable the Huge memory model is. If you try to
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compile NASM in Large model, you may get DGROUP overflows due to the
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vast quantity of data in the instruction tables. I've had reports
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from some people that Huge model doesn't work at all (and also
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reports from others that it works fine), so if you don't want to try
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moving to Huge, you could try adding the option `-dc' to the
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compiler command line instead, which causes string literals to be
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moved from DGROUP to the code segments and might make Large model
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start working. (Either solution works for me.)
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To rebuild truly from scratch, or to make any changes to insns.dat or
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standard.mac, you need a Perl interpreter installed. Perl
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interpreters are available for a number of platforms, from:
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http://www.cpan.org/ports/
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For DOS you can also get one from:
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ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/
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Dominik Behr has also contributed the file misc/pmw.bat, which is a
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batch file to turn the output from Makefile.wc (NASM.EXE and
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NDISASM.EXE) into standalone executables incorporating Tran's
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PMODE/W DOS extender, rather than depending on an external extender
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program.
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Some of the Windows makefiles produce executables called nasmw.exe
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and ndisasmw.exe, and some don't. Be prepared for either...
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If you want to build a restricted version of NASM containing only
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some of the object file formats, you can achieve this by adding
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#defines to `outform.h' (see the file itself for documentation), or
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equivalently by adding compiler command line options in the
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Makefile.
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There is a machine description file for the `LCC' retargetable C
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compiler (version 4.0), in the directory `lcc', along with
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instructions for its use. This means that NASM can now be used as
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the code-generator back end for a useful C compiler.
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Michael `Wuschel' Tippach has ported his DOS extender `WDOSX' to
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enable it to work with the 32-bit binary files NASM can output: the
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original extender and his port `WDOSX/N' are available from his web
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page, http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Park/4493.
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Matt Mastracci has written a document explaining how to write
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assembly language modules in DJGPP programs using NASM: it's on his
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web site at http://www.ucalgary.ca/~mmastrac/djgppasm.doc.
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The `misc' directory contains `nasm.sl', a NASM editing mode for the
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JED programmers' editor (see http://space.mit.edu/~davis/jed.html
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for details about JED). The comment at the start of the file gives
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instructions on how to install the mode. This directory also
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contains a file (`magic') containing lines to add to /etc/magic on
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Unix systems to allow the `file' command to recognise RDF files, and
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a zip file (`exasm.zip') containing the necessary files for syntax
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highlighting in the Aurora DOS editor. (The Aurora files were
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contributed by <U993847220@aol.com>; I haven't tested them as I
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don't have Aurora.)
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The `rdoff' directory contains sources for a linker and loader for
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the RDF object file format, to run under Linux, and also
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documentation on the internal structure of RDF files.
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For information about how you can distribute and use NASM, see the
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file Licence. We were tempted to put NASM under the GPL, but decided
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that in many ways it was too restrictive for developers.
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For release 0.98 and later, the NASM source distribution contains the
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following components:
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Unix Windows, OS/2 DOS
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nasm-X.XX.tar.gz nasm-X.XX.zip nasmXXXs.zip
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Main archive: Contain all sources you need to build NASM,
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plus the documentation source code. If you have a Perl
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interpreter and (possibly) Winhelp compiler installed, you
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don't need any additional files.
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nasm-X.XX-xdoc.tar.gz nasm-X.XX-xdoc.zip nasmXXXd.zip
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Documentation in HTML, INFO, text, and PostScript format.
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You can compile these files yourself from the main archive
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if you have a Perl interpreter installed.
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N/A nasm-X.XX-whlp.zip N/A
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Documentation in Windows help format. You can compile this
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file yourself from the main archive if you have a Perl
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interpreter and a Winhelp compiler installed.
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The Unix, Windows-OS/2, and DOS versions differ in the following ways:
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The Unix version uses the Unix line ending convention (LF), and long file
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names with upper and lower case.
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The Windows-OS/2 version uses the Microsoft line ending convention
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(CR+LF), and long file names with upper and lower case.
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The DOS version uses the Microsoft line ending convention (CR+LF),
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with all filenames in 8.3 monocase.
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For information about how to use NASM, see the various forms of
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documentation in the `doc' directory: documentation is provided in
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HTML, PostScript, plain text, Texinfo, and Windows Help formats. For
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information about how to use NDISASM, see `ndisasm.doc'. For
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information about the internal structure of NASM, see
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`internal.doc'. (In particular, _please_ read `internal.doc' before
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writing any code for us...)
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The NASM web page is at http://www.cryogen.com/Nasm/
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Bug reports (and patches if you can) should be sent to
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<hpa@zytor.com>.
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