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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
[This is the first released version of the library GPL. It is
numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if
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For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
ordinary General Public License).
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
"copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Library General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston,
MA 02111-1307, USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990
Ty Coon, President of Vice
That's all there is to it!

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The library libiberty.a and its associated header falls under the GNU
General Public License. Please read the file COPYING if you intend to
distribute applications linking against this library. It is your
responsibility to understand and comply with the conditions of the GPL

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<html>
<head>
<title>
a2dll: An utility (to help) to convert static library into Win32 DLL
</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
a2dll: An utility (to help) to convert static library into Win32 DLL
</h1>
<h2>
Synopsis
</h2>
<p>
a2dll is shell script (see <a href="#requirements">requirements</a>) to
automotize process of converting existing static libraries (produced
by gnu-win32 tools, of course) into DLL. First of all, yes it's possible:
if you have binary static distribution of some library (i.e. library
itself and its headers), that's all you need to convert it to DLL and
use in your programs. Read <a href="static2dll_howto.txt">HOWTO</a> for
underlying magic. So, you may not waste time if you need DLL: just
grab existing static distribution and convert. Also, you may use it to
build Win32 DLL of your library. Also, until GNU libtool will allow
seamless building of Win32 DLLs, you may build static lib (what
libtool of course supports) and then convert it to DLL.
<blockquote>
<tt>
a2dll &lt;static_lib> [-o &lt;dll_name>] [&lt;linker_flags>] [--relink]
</tt>
</blockquote>
where:
<dl>
<dt>
<tt>&lt;static_lib></tt>
</dt>
<dd>
Static library you want to convert
</dd>
<dt>
<tt>-o &lt;dll_name></tt>
</dt>
<dd>
Name of resulting dll. If not given, three first chars of input
name are stripped and <tt>.a</tt> suffix replaced with <tt>.dll</tt> .
So, from '<tt>libfoo.a</tt>' you'll get '<tt>foo.dll</tt>'.
</dd>
<dt>
<tt>&lt;linker_flags></tt>
</dt>
<dd>
Linker flags:
<ul>
<li>Use '<tt>-s</tt>' to get library without debugging symbols and information.
<li>Use '<tt>--driver-name=&lt;name></tt>' to link library with specified
linker (well, compiler, to be precise). For example, for C++ library use
<tt>--driver-name=g++</tt> .
<li>You should list all libraries on which your library depends with
<tt>-l</tt> switches and directories they are reside in with <tt>-L</tt>
switches. For example, if your library uses PCRE library you just built and
not yet installed, use something like <tt>-L../pcre -lpcre</tt>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<tt>--relink</tt>
</dt>
<dd>
Skip exploding library stage (see below). Use this flag to continue
process after some error occured.
</dd>
</dl>
</p>
<h2>
Performing
</h2>
<p>
a2dll works in following way:
<ol>
<li>If you did not specify <tt>--relink</tt> option,
explodes source library under newly-created <tt>.dll</tt> subdirectory.
<li>Links all resulting objects into DLL with exporting all non-static
symbols. On this stage, link errors
(such as underfined symbols) may occur. In such case, a2dll terminates
and all linker messages are available in '<tt>ld.err</tt>' file. You
should correct errors (mostly by finding out additional
dependecies, but sometimes by deleting 'superfluos' objects under .dll)
and re-run a2dll with all the options you gave it before,
plus new dependencies, plus <tt>--relink</tt> flag. You may need to
repeat this several times.
<li>Renames original static library with suffix <tt>.static</tt> .
<li>Creates import library for produced DLL with the name of original
static library.
<li>Check whether DLL exports data symbols. If no, congratulations,
you've done. However, if some present, it lists all of them in file
'<tt>&lt;dll_name>.data</tt>' . Presense of such symbols generally
means that you should patch library's headers to mark those symbols
as dll-imported. But don't hurry with that, first, do following:
<ol>
<li>Look into <tt>&lt;dll_name>.data</tt> file. If all what you see
is something like '<tt>internal_counter_of_bogons</tt>' or
'<tt>_ksdauso</tt>', don't worry - those symbols are hardly part of
external interface of the library.
<li>If all you need is to link your application against that
library, try it. If it succeeds, congratulation.
<li>Only if above is failed, or you are going to distribute produced
library, so you need to be sure that everything is ok, proceed with
marking symbols in headers. Read <a href="static2dll_howto.txt">Static2DLL
HOWTO</a> for more information on suggested ways of doing this. Use
'<tt>grep -f <tt>&lt;dll_name>.data</tt> *.h</tt>' command to find
out where offending symbols defined in library headers.
</ol>
</ol>
</p>
<h2>
Examples
</h2>
<p>
Since converting static libraries to DLLs is not fully automated and
formal process, some experience with it is required. Learing
by example is known to be one of the efficient way of communicating
experince, so I would like to provide some realistic examples of
converting statics to DLLs with the help of a2dll.
</p>
<h3>
Zlib
</h3>
<p>
Build libz.a . Now, run '<tt>a2dll libz.a</tt>'. It builds cleanly,
but warns us about data symbols. Let's look at them:
<blockquote>
<pre>
inflate_mask
z_errmsg
</pre>
</blockquote>
What they could be. The first one is probably some internal variable,
while second is probably array of error messages. As we know, zlib
provides functional way of getting error messages, something like. So
our hypothesis is that job's done. Let's prove it:
'<tt>grep -f z.dll.data zlib.h</tt>'. Yes, we're right: no mentioning
of those symbols in interface header file.
</p>
<h3>
libstdc++
</h3>
<p>
I've got an idea to DLLize libstdc++ coming with my mingw32 distribution.
'<tt>a2dll "libstdc++.a"</tt>'. Note that we don't use
<tt>--driver-name=g++</tt> - that option need to be used when we link
something <i>against</i> libstdc++ . But when we link libstdc++
<i>itself</i>, we need libc (whatever it is in mingw32), nothing else.
But, process aborts due to linker errors. <tt>ld.err</tt> tells us:
<blockquote>
<pre>
strerror.o(.text+0x303): undefined reference to `sys_nerr'
vfork.o(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `fork'
waitpid.o(.text+0x15): undefined reference to `wait'
</pre>
</blockquote>
Well, strerror, vfork, waitpid are libc functions, what they do in
libstdc++? Probably, stubs, delete them and
'<tt>a2dll "libstdc++.a" --relink</tt>'. Of course,
<tt>stdc++.dll.data</tt> is here. Looking into it, I may tell you
that everything starting with '<tt>__ti&lt;digit></tt>' is RTTI
internal data structures and everything starting with
'<tt>_vt$</tt>' is virtual tables (use c++filt if in doubt),
you can leave them alone.
(If so, why I don't filter them? Because "you can leave them alone"
is hypothesis for now, I haven't linked too much C++ libraries to
be sure). From the rest, there's stuff starting
with '<tt>_IO_</tt>'. That's probably some internal variables, let's
don't do anything about them, unless we'll be forced to. Than, as
c++filt shows, there're some static members of templated classes. Darkness.
Forget for now. Than, there's '<tt>io_defs__</tt>'. Does your C++ application
reference something like that? Mine not. So, what is left? Our four
happy friends, <tt>cin, cout, cerr,</tt> and <tt>clog</tt>. Do mark them as
__declspec(dllimport) in <tt>iostream.h</tt>.
</p>
<h3>
Some C++ library
</h3>
<p>
Suppose we have following file:
<pre>
#include &lt;iostream.h>
void foo()
{
cout&lt;&lt;"hi!"&lt;&lt;endl;
}
</pre>
and want to turn it into DLL. Create static liba.a from it. Now,
'<tt>a2dll liba.a --driver-name=g++</tt>'. Well, our DLL contains
single function, why then it complains about data symbols? Oh, it's
those stupid RTTI structures. Next time, compile with <tt>-fno-rtti</tt> unless
you really need it, ok? Ditto for <tt>-fno-exceptions</tt> .
</p>
<h2>
<a name="requirements">
Requirements
</h2>
<p>
a2dll requires POSIX shell (<tt>sh</tt>) to run. It is developed and
tested with <tt>ash</tt> from
<a href="http://pw32.sourceforge.net">PW32</a> distribution. Additionally,
a2dll requires following utilities to perform its tasks:
<ul>
<li>GNU fileutils: mkdir, mv, rm
<li>GNU textutils: wc
<li>GNU grep
<li>GNU awk
<li>GNU binutils: dllwrap, dlltool (and the rest of binutils and gcc, of course)
<li>pexports, an utility to dump symbols exported by dll. You'll need a
version 0.43 or above, capable of distinguishing between code and data symbols, as one
from <a href="http://www.is.lg.ua/~paul/devel/binutils.html">here</a>.
</ul>
</p>
<hr noshade>
<i><a href="mailto:Paul.Sokolovsky@technologist.com">Paul Sokolovsky</a></i>
</body>
</html>

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How to build Win32 Dynamic-Loading Library (DLL) from existing static library
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
NOTE: To perform steps below, you'll need contemparary dlltool, for
example from Mumit Khan's gcc-2.95.2 packages.
-------
This document describes step-by-step procedure of building Win32 DLL from
static library. It suitable for both your own and third-party (i.e. ones
which you know, and would like to, little about) libs. However, for your
own libraries you may adopt more handy and adequate method (exporting all
symbols, as done here, may be not the best solution). However, procedure
given here describes easiest and fastest way if what you want is just
create proper DLL and forget about it. This documets assumes that
you have, or will, read documentation for Mumit Khan's dllwrappers
tools (dllwrap & dlltool utilities).
Before proceeding with description of process, some notes about
distinction of DLLs and usual *nix-style shared libraries (.so, referred
as SO below) (read also if you don't have experience with .so):
[Once again note that there's a big gap between abstract information
below and specific practical steps which follow; if you want to fill
that gap, read standard documentation.]
Theory
------
1. Usually, compilation of objects for shared libraries requires different
set of compiler options comparing to static counterparts. For example,
many systems require -fpic flag to generate position-independent code.
However, for Win32, both static libs and DLLs are created from the same
set of objects. Despite this little advantage, DLLs have following big
disadvantage:
2. Once have been created, shared libraries require no additional fuzz
for usage. When so-using executable is loaded, every reference to
so-symbol gets fixed up to point directly to SO. Win32 has different
system: every executable importing DLL has special section, .idata, to hold
pointers to imported symbols. During loading, OS loader fills this section
with actual info. And application is supposed, when needed DLL-symbol, first
lookup its pointer in .idata, and only then have access by that pointer,
As you see, for DLL-imported symbols, additional level of indirection is
required. This stems probably from dark times of real-mode 16-bit Windows,
working on 8086 processor lacking virtual memory. Having all import-related
stuff in one single place facilated runtime relocation, which was needed
to effictively manage memory there. So or other, but it is that way.
So, as you see, special compiler support required to compile client of
DLL (note strange symmetry - *nix require special support to compile library,
while Win32 - to compile client. Former is better, I agree).
3. As was said before, with SO you use library just as you would static
version. This is not so for Win32. Win32 DLL is self-contained executable,
not supposed to be linked against. Instead, client is linked with special
auxilary library, called 'import library' or 'implib'. Implib contains
information to properly layout .idata section to be filled in by OS loader
with information about DLL.
Building DLL from existing static library
-----------------------------------------
We assume that you already build static lib, which we will call 'libfoo.a'.
However, building yourself is not requirement, to perform these instructions,
you don't needed sources of library - only library itself and its headers.
1. Fisrt step would be to create export definition file (or just def). You
can do this directly from library:
dlltool libfoo.a --export-all-symbols --output-def foo.def
2. Now, we can create DLL itself. This may be done by two ways: 1) link
dummy file referencing each symbol in libfoo.a (created by script acting on
output from 'nm libfoo.a') against libfoo.a (so, each foo's object for
sure will be in foo.dll) or 2) exploding library and linking all its objects
together. I consider second way cleaner and show it:
mkdir tmp
cp libfoo.a tmp/
cd tmp
ar x libfoo.a
dllwrap *.o --def ../foo.def -o ../foo.dll [usual -l libraries here]
cd ..
3. Let's create implib. If you want totally transparent transition from
static to DLL, call it 'libfoo.a'. However, if you want to keep destinction,
'libfoo.dll.a' is good:
dlltool --def foo.def --ouput-lib libfoo.dll.a
4. Now grep foo.def for entries containing 'DATA'. If there's none -
congratulations, your library uses functional-only interface and you've done.
Else, most unpleasant work left - patch headers to include dllimport tag.
If you want to do it once-and-for-all (you should), do following:
a) make something like 'dl_import.h' and put there:
-----
#if !defined(STATIC) && defined(_WIN32)
#define _DL_IMPORT __delcspec(dllimport)
#else
#define _DL_IMPORT
#endif
-----
, if you want to use DLL by default (note that you will need to compile
library itself with STATIC defined), or
-----
#if defined(DLL) && defined(_WIN32)
#define _DL_IMPORT __delcspec(dllimport)
#else
#define _DL_IMPORT
#endif
-----
, if you want to include -DDLL each time you compile DLL client.
b) for each def symbol having DATA attribute, find header where its declared
as extern. If that header doesn't have '#include "dl_import.h"' at the top,
add it. Put '_DL_IMPORT' in front of 'extern' (strictly speaking, position
matters and proper place is after both extern and type, but for data
declaration above works also (at least for me)). For example, if it was
extern void *(*my_malloc)(int sz);
becoming
_DL_IMPORT extern void *(*my_malloc)(int sz);
will suffice. Procedd with next symbol.
However, if you're lazy for that, you may stretch the pleasure and mark
symbol as _DL_IMPORT only whenever you encounter it in undefined symbol
error during linking of client.
5. That's all! Now, just compile client either as usually or with -DDLL,
and link either as usually or with -lfoo.dll .
Paul.Sokolovsky@technologist.com
1999-08-28

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* Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Benjamin Lin.
* Copyright (c) 1998, Bernd Johannes Wuebben
* Copyright (c) 1998, Christian Wurll
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is free and not encumbered by a restrictive licence such
* as the GPL in the following sense:
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice in the documentation and/or other materials provided with
* the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
* OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
* BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
* OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
* IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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Content-type: text/html
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Manpage of dos2unix</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY>
<H1>dos2unix</H1>
Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: dos2unix v3.0<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<P>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
<P>
dos2unix - DOS/MAC to UNIX text file format converter
<P>
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSYS</H2>
<P>
dos2unix [options] [-c convmode] [-o file ...] [-n infile outfile ...]
<P>
Options:
<P>
[-hkqV] [--help] [--keepdate] [--quiet] [--version]
<P>
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
<P>
<P>
This manual page documents dos2unix, the program that converts plain text
files in DOS/MAC format to UNIX format.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
<P>
The following options are available:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>-h --help</B>
<DD>
Print online help.
<P>
<DT><B>-k --keepdate</B>
<DD>
Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
<P>
<DT><B>-q --quiet</B>
<DD>
Quiet mode. Suppress all warning and messages.
<P>
<DT><B>-V --version</B>
<DD>
Prints version information.
<P>
<DT><B>-c --convmode convmode</B>
<DD>
Sets conversion mode. Simulates dos2unix under SunOS.
<P>
<DT><B>-o --oldfile file ...</B>
<DD>
Old file mode. Convert the file and write output to it. The program
default to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
<P>
<DT><B>-n --newfile infile outfile ...</B>
<DD>
New file mode. Convert the infile and write output to outfile. File names
must be given in pairs and wildcard names should NOT be used or you WILL
lost your files.
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
<P>
<P>
Get input from stdin and write output to stdout.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix a.txt b.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt in ASCII conversion mode.
Convert and replace b.txt in ISO conversion mode.
Convert c.txt from Mac to Unix ascii format.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix a.txt -c iso b.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c iso b.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -c mac a.txt b.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -k a.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -k -o a.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as a.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt </B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert b.txt and write to e.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert c.txt and write to e.txt. Convert and replace a.txt.
Convert and replace b.txt. Convert d.txt and write to f.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
<P>
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>BUGS</H2>
<P>
The program does not work properly under MSDOS in stdio processing mode.
If you know why is that so, please tell me.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
<P>
Benjamin Lin -
<B>&lt;<A HREF="mailto:blin@socs.uts.edu.au">blin@socs.uts.edu.au</A>&gt;</B>
<P>
<P>
Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix mode)
<B>&lt;<A HREF="mailto:wuebben@kde.org">wuebben@kde.org</A>&gt;</B>
<P>
<P>
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>MISCELLANY</H2>
<P>
Tested environment:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
Linux 1.2.0 with GNU C 2.5.8
<DT><DD>
SunOS 4.1.3 with GNU C 2.6.3
<DT><DD>
MS-DOS 6.20 with Borland C++ 4.02
</DL>
<P>
Suggestions and bug reports are welcome.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAK">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+unix2dos">unix2dos</A>(1) <A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+mac2unix">mac2unix</A>(1)
<P>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSYS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">DIAGNOSTICS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">BUGS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAI">AUTHORS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAJ">MISCELLANY</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAK">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
using the manual pages.<BR>
Time: 11:51:18 GMT, December 04, 2002
</BODY>
</HTML>

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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482
TBE/MinGW/doc/drmingw/COPYING.LIB Normal file
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GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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That's all there is to it!

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<html>
<head>
<title>Dr. Mingw</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Dr. Mingw is a <i>Just-in-Time (JIT)</i> debugger. When the application throws
an unhandled exception, Dr. Mingw attaches itself to the application and collects
information about the exception, using the available debugging information.</p>
<h1>Features</h1>
<p>Dr. Mingw can read debugging information in <em>Stabs</em> formats &#151; generated
by the Gnu C/C++ Compiler, and in a PDB file &#151; generated by the Microsoft
Visual C++ Compiler.</p>
<p>Windows NT/2000 platform is supported, as well as Windows 95/98. On older Windows
versions though, the IMAGEHLP.DLL isn't included or it's a rather old version.
Dr. Mingw doesn't require it, but relies upon it to resolve symbols in modules
compiled by the Microsoft tools. See <a href="#imagehlp">The
IMAGEHLP.DLL Saga</a> for more information. </p>
<h1>Download</h1>
<p>Dr. Mingw is now part of <a
href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=2435&release_id=115457">mingw-utils</a>.</p>
<h1>Installation</h1>
<p>If you didn't download the self-installing package, to install enter</p>
<blockquote>
<pre><b>drmingw -i</b></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>Dr. Mingw will register itself as the JIT debugger by writting into the
system registry. On Windows NT/2000 make sure you have Administrator
rights. See <a href="#jit">Enabling Just-in-Time (JIT) Debugging</a> for
more information.</p>
<p>If the installation is sucessful, the following message box should appear:</p>
<p align="center"><img src="install.gif" alt="installation dialog"/></p>
<p>To enable other options they must be set them allong with the <b>-i</b>
option. For example,</p>
<blockquote>
<pre><b>drmingw -i -v </b></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>If you still have trouble installing, edit the included<b>
drmingw.reg</b> file to reflect the <b>drmingw.exe</b> executable path and
load it on the system registry.</p>
<h1>Usage</h1>
<p>You can test Dr. Mingw by running the sample<b> test.exe</b>. Depending
of your Windows version, you'll see a familiar dialog:</p>
<p align="center"><img src="exception-nt.gif" alt="Windows general protection fault dialog"/></p>
<p>If you request to debug the program, Dr. Mingw will attach to the
faulting application, collect information about the exception, and display
the dialog</p>
<p align="center"><img src="sample.gif" alt="sample report"/></p>
<p>To resolve the addresses it's necessary to compile the application with
debugging information. In case of address is in a DLL with no debugging
information, it will resolve to the precedent exported symbol.</p>
<h1>Command Line Options</h1>
<p>The Dr. Mingw command line uses the following syntax:</p>
<pre>
<b>drmingw </b>[<b>-h | --help</b>] [<b>-V | --version</b>] [<b>-i | --install</b>] [<b>-a | --auto</b>] [<b>-u | --uninstall</b>]
[<b>-p</b> <i>pid</i> | <b>--process-id=</b><i>pid</i>] [<b>-e</b> <i>event</i> | <b>--event=</b><i>event</i>]
[<b>-v | --verbose</b>]
</pre>
<p>The following table describes the Dr. Mingw command-line options. All
comand-line options are case-sensitive. </p>
<table width="78%" summary="command-line options">
<tr>
<th align=left width=10%>Option</th>
<th align=left width=25%>&nbsp;</th>
<th align=left width=65%>Action</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-h</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--help</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Print help and exit </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-V</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--version</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Print version and exit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-i</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--install</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Install as the default JIT debugger</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-a</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--auto</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Automatically start (used with <b>-i</b> | <b>--install</b>)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-u</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--uninstall</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Uninstall</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-p</b> <i>pid</i></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--process-id=</b><i>pid</i></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Attach to the process with the given identifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-e</b> <i>event</i></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%><pre><b>--event=</b><i>event</i></pre></td>
<td width=65%>Signal an event after process is attached</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=10%>
<pre><b>-v</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=25%>
<pre><b>--verbose</b></pre>
</td>
<td width=65%>Verbose output</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h1><a name="exchndl"></a>The EXCHNDL.DLL</h1>
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>Although internally Dr. Mingw behaves much like a debugger, from the
outside it is like a standalone exception handler. But for its own
debugging purposes, Dr. Mingw has a internal exception handler that is
completly seperate from the main code.</p>
<p>This exception handler resides in <b>exchndl.c</b>. When
<b>drmingw.exe</b> is loaded, the code in <b>exchndl.c</b> is automatically
executed (by the gcc static constructor/destructor mechanism) and registers
itself as a exception handler.</p>
<p>This exception handler is much lighter than Dr. Mingw debugging system
because it doesn't have to deal with interprocess communication. The
exception handling routine runs in the same process context of the faulting
application (<b>drmingw</b>, in this case).</p>
<h2>Using ExcHndl for you own purposes</h2>
<p>If you incorporate ExcHndl in you own programs, especially those that
you release to others, you can have almost the same exception information
that you would get with Dr. Mingw, but with no need of the end user to have
Dr. Mingw installed.</p>
<p>You can use ExcHndl in two ways:</p>
<ul>
<li>linking <b>exchndl.o</b> and <b>libbfd.a</b> with your program objects</li>
<li>linking <b>exchndl.o</b> and <b>libfd.a</b> in the
<b>EXCHNDL.DLL</b> and dinamically loading it at run-time. This can be
done by linking just <b>exchndl2.o</b> or explicitly calling
<i>LoadLibrary(&quot;exchndl.dll&quot;)</i></li>
</ul>
<p>The latter method is preferred because you have smaller executables and
don't need to link the BFD library in all builds. The application wont fail
if the <b>EXCHNDL.DLL</b> is missing.</p>
<h2>Example</h2>
<p>The sample<b> test.exe</b> application uses the second method above.
Copy <b>EXCHNDL.DLL</b> to executable directory. When you run it, even
before general protection fault dialog box appears, it's written to the
<b>test.RPT</b> file a report of the fault.</p>
<p>Here is how <b>test.RPT</b> should look like:</p>
<pre>
-------------------
Error occured on Sunday, May 7, 2000 at 20:22:03.
C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe caused an Access Violation in module C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll Writing to location 00000008.
Registers:
eax=00003039 ebx=00000064 ecx=00000008 edx=0244fec0 esi=00401211 edi=0244fec0
eip=78027470 esp=0244fcd8 ebp=0244fea8 iopl=0 nv up ei pl nz na pe nc
cs=001b ss=0023 ds=0023 es=0023 fs=0038 gs=0000 efl=00010202
Call stack:
78027470 C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll:78027470 wscanf
7802544B C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll:7802544B sscanf
00401241 C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe:00401241 YetAnotherFunction //C/home/jrfonseca/drmingw/src/test.cxx:14
00401272 C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe:00401272 MyWonderfulFunction //C/home/jrfonseca/drmingw/src/test.cxx:19
004012A9 C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe:004012A9 main //C/home/jrfonseca/drmingw/src/test.cxx:24
004011C1 C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe:004011C1
004011EB C:\home\jrfonseca\drmingw\src\test.exe:004011EB
77E87903 C:\WINDOWS\system32\KERNEL32.dll:77E87903 SetUnhandledExceptionFilter
</pre>
<h1>Appendix</h1>
<h2><a name="jit"></a>Enabling Just-in-Time (JIT) Debugging</h2>
<p><em>[Taken from Using Microsoft Debuggers of the April 2000 Platform SDK.]</em></p>
<p>There are a variety of application errors which will cause Windows
NT/Windows 2000 a to terminate the application. The most common kinds of
errors are deadlocks and access violations. From the operating systems
point of view, these are all simply unhandled exceptions.</p>
<p>When an application error occurs, Windows searches for an exception
handler. If it does not find an exception handler, the system verifies that
the application is not currently being debugged and considers the exception
to be unhandled. At this point, there are three possible responses:</p>
<ul>
<li>Windows can end the process immediately.</li>
<li>Windows can freeze the process and start a user-mode debugger. This
debugger can then be used to examine the application.</li>
<li>Windows can run a debugging tool which will create a memory dump
file of the application's memory space, and then end the process.</li>
</ul>
<p>The debugging tool which is used to debug the application or write the
dump file is called <I>Just-in-Time (JIT) Debugger</I>, or the
<i>post-mortem debugger</i>.</p>
<p>The default JIT debugger is Dr. Watson. When the application throws
an unhandled exception, Dr. Watson attaches itself to the application and
generates a crash dump file. After it creates the crash dump file, Dr.
Watson closes the application and exits.</p>
<p>Any user-mode debugging tool can be selected as the JIT debugger:</p>
<ul>
<li>To change the JIT debugger to WinDbg, run <b>windbg -I</b>. When
WinDbg is the JIT debugger, WinDbg will be activated whenever an
application crashes. See WinDbg Command Line Options for details.</li>
<li>To change the JIT debugger to NTSD, you must edit the registry.
When NTSD is the JIT debugger, NTSD will be activated whenever an
application crashes.</li>
<li>To change the JIT debugger back to Dr. Watson, run <b>drwtsn32
-i</b>. When Dr. Watson is the JIT debugger, a memory dump file will
be written to disk if an application crashes. See Dr. Watson Command
Line Options for details.</li>
</ul>
<p>Only a system administrator can alter the JIT settings.</p>
<p>If a JIT debugger has been installed, you can deliberately break into
the debugger from a user-mode application by calling the <b>DebugBreak</b>
function.</p>
<h3>Editing the Registry</h3>
<p>The Just-in-Time debugging settings are stored in the registry, under
<b>\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows&nbsp;NT\CurrentVersion\AeDebug\</b>.
The two relevant keys in this directory are <b>Debugger</b> and
<b>Auto</b>.</p>
<p>The <b>Debugger</b> key's value shows the name of the debugger specified
to analyze application errors. The <b>Auto</b> key is either zero or
one.</p>
<p>When an unhandled application error occurs, Windows checks to see if the
<b>Debugger</b> and <b>Auto</b> keys exist.</p>
<p>If the <b>Auto</b> key equals zero and the <b>Debugger</b> value
contains the name of a valid debugger (such as WinDbg or NTSD), the message
box will have two buttons: <b>OK</b> and <b>Cancel</b>. If the <b>OK</b>
button is pressed, the application is terminated. If the <b>Cancel</b>
button is pressed, the debugger specified in the <b>Debugger</b> key is
started.</p>
<p>If the <b>Auto</b> key equals zero, but the <b>Debugger</b> key value is
empty, the message box will have only an <b>OK</b> button and no debugger
will start.</p>
<p>If the <b>Auto</b> key equals one, no message box appears. The debugger
referred to in the <b>Debugger</b> key is automatically started.</p>
<p><b>Setting Dr. Watson as the JIT debugger (default):</b></p>
<pre>
Debugger = "drwtsn32 -p %ld -e %ld -g"
Auto = 1
</pre>
<p><b>Setting WinDbg as the JIT debugger:</b></p>
<pre>
Debugger = "WinDbg -p %ld -e %ld"
Auto = 1
</pre>
<p><b>Setting NTSD as the JIT debugger:</b></p>
<pre>
Debugger = "NTSD -p %ld -e %ld -g"
Auto = 1
</pre>
<p>In these examples, -<b>p&nbsp;%ld</b> specifies the process ID that NTSD
will debug, -<b>e&nbsp;%ld</b> provides the event that caused the
exception, and -<b>g</b> causes the debugger to skip the initial
breakpoint. (Dr.&nbsp;Watson ignores the -<b>g</b> option.)</p>
<h2><a name="imagehlp"></a>The IMAGEHLP.DLL Saga</h2>
<p><em>[Taken from several Bugslayer articles of MSJ.]</em></p>
<p>The IMAGEHLP.DLL symbol engine first appeared in Windows NT<4E> 4.0. The
beta Windows NT 5.0 SDK had new parts of IMAGEHLP.H that dealt with source
and line information. In the meantime, the November 1998 Platform SDK
showed and the IMAGEHLP.DLL that shipped with it supported the new source
and line handling. There are several different versions of IMAGEHLP.DLL.
The only one that does not support the new source and line information is
the original Windows NT 4.0 version. </p>
<p>The IMAGEHLP.DLL version 5.00.1678.1 dynamically links to MSPDB50.DLL.
It first tries to load MSDBI.DLL, and if that is not found it will load
MSPDB50.DLL, so it works with both Visual C++<2B> 5.0 and 6.0. To use it with
Visual C++ 6.0, copy MSPDB50.DLL to MSPDB60.DLL. If you want to get symbols
from the field, you will have to compile with CodeView<65> symbols and use
.DBG files to get them. Keep in mind that MSPDB50.DLL, like MSDBI.DLL, is
not redistributable. </p>
<p>The IMAGEHLP.DLL version 5.00.1878.1, which comes with the Windows 2000
Beta 2 Platform SDK, hard links against MSDBI.DLL instead of dynamically
loading MSPDB50.DLL as in earlier versions to read PDB files. The problem
is that MSDBI.DLL is not redistributable.</p>
<p>IMAGEHLP.DLL now uses DEBUGHLP.DLL.</p>
<p>If you want IMAGEHLP.DLL, it's available in:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Platform SDK
</li>
<li>
WinDBG Debugger
</li>
<li>
Windows 2000
</li>
</ul>
<h1>Suggested Reading</h1>
<ul>
<li> <a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0197/exception/exception.htm">A
Crash Course on the Depths of Win32 Structured Exception Handling, MSJ
January 1997</a> </li>
<li> <a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0497/hood/hood0497.htm">MSJEXHND -
Part 1, Under the Hood, MSJ April 1997</a></li>
<li> <a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0597/hood0597.htm">MSJEXHND -
Part 2, Under the Hood, MSJ May 1997</a></li>
<li><a
href=http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0898/bugslayer0898.htm>Bugslayer,
MSJ, August 1998</a></li>
<li> <a
href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/techart/msdn_debug.htm"> The
Win32 Debugging Application Programming Interface</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
<!-- vim: set ai ts=4 sw=4 noet syntax=pyhtml: -->

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REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\AeDebug]
"Auto"="0"
"Debugger"="C:\\home\\jrfonseca\\\\drmingw\\bin\\drmingw.exe -p %ld -e %ld"

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/* exchndl2.cxx
*
* A portable way to load the EXCHNDL.DLL on startup.
*
* Jose Fonseca
*/
#include <windows.h>
class ExceptionHandler
{
public:
ExceptionHandler()
{
LoadLibrary("exchndl.dll");
}
};
static ExceptionHandler gExceptionHandler; // global instance of class

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/* test-c.c
*
* A sample C program to demonstrate the symbolic capabilities
* of Dr.MinGW.
*
* Jose Fonseca
*/
#include <stdio.h>
void YetAnotherFunction(int i)
{
int k;
#if 0
/* Other ways to cause a GPF */
*(int *)i = 5;
__asm ("int $3");
(*((void (*)(void)) 0x12345678))();
#endif
sscanf("12345", "%i", (int *) (k=i));
}
struct AStructType
{
int AnArray[2];
};
void MyWonderfulFunction(int AnInteger, double ADouble, int AnArray[4], char * AString, enum {a,b,c} AnEnum, struct AStructType AStruct, void (*AFunction)(void))
{
YetAnotherFunction( 8 );
}
void ASimpleFunction(void) {}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct AStructType AStruct = {{10, 3}};
int AnArray[4] = {4,3,2,1};
MyWonderfulFunction( 4, 5.6, AnArray, "Hello" , 1, AStruct, ASimpleFunction);
return 0;
}

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/* test-c.c
*
* A sample C++ program to test Dr.MinGW.
*
* Jose Fonseca
*/
#include <stdio.h>
typedef char * cp;
void YetAnotherFunction( int i, double j, char * pszString )
{
int k;
#if 0
/* Other ways to cause a GPF */
*(int *)i = 5;
__asm ("int $3");
(*((void (*)(void)) 0x12345678))();
#endif
sscanf("12345", "%i", (int *) (k=i));
}
void MyWonderfulFunction( int i, float j )
{
YetAnotherFunction( i * 2, j, "Hello" );
}
int main()
{
MyWonderfulFunction( 4, float(5.6) );
return 0;
}

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Anders Norlander <anorland@hem2.passagen.se>
Paul Sokolovsky <Paul.Sokolovsky@technologist.com>

340
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

38
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PEXPORTS 0.43 README
============================================
PEXPORTS is a program to extract exported symbols from a PE image
(executable). It can perform a simple check on the size of the
arguments of the exported functions, provided there is a header with
prototypes for the functions. This is useful when you want the
decorated function names for functions using the stdcall calling
convention. GCC is used to do the preprocessing so it must be in your
path.
Note that the mingw32 version uses ';' as path separator,
while the cygwin version uses ':'.
Command line options:
=====================
-h <header> parse header
-o print function ordinals
-p <preprocessor> set preprocessor
-v verbose mode
Header files are searched for in the following directories:
1. Current directory
2. Directories in C_INCLUDE_PATH
3. Directories in CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
4. Directories in PATH
NOTE: The header parser is *very* primitive, it only tries to find
function prototypes and check the number of arguments a function
expects. It is NOT a complete C parser, there are probably many
conditions when it will fail (especially complex parameter types),
although I it works fine for me. Please report bugs or send me a
patch.
Pexports, Copyright (C) 1998 Anders Norlander
This program has ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; see COPYING
for details.

68
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This is a simple port of DJGPP's redir utility for those who're stuck with
braindead COMMAND/CMD shells on windows32 that cannot redirect standard
error correctly.
Here's the documentation provided with DJGPP's redir utility (also
provided in the .zip file):
redir
DOS, in its many flavors and versions, lacks a decent I/O redirection
mechanism. Sure, it's got < and > and >>, but what about error
messages? Lots of people ask, "How do you send those error messages to
a file?" Well, you use a program like redir.
redir is basically a program that manipulates the standard file
descriptors by copying them, closing and opening them, etc. Once it
has the file descriptors where it wants them, it runs your program,
which inherits the changed descriptors. Thus, redir has nearly
complete control over the input and output of your program.
It also allows you to view the exit code of the program, and the
elapsed time of the program, by supplying the appropriate options on
the command line.
Note that redir is built with command-line expansion and response
files disabled, so as to allow the application to control that
themselves. This means that you can't use those features to provide
redir's options or the command name, but if you use them for the
command's options, the command will do the expansion if it wants to.
The exit code of redir is 1 if it exits on its own accord, else it
returns the same error code as the program it runs.
Usage: redir [-i file] [-o file] [-oa file] [-e file] [-ea file] [-eo]
[-oe] [-x] command [args . . .]
-i file
Redirect stdandard input from file
-o file
Redirect standard output to file
-oa file
Append standard output to file
-e file
Redirect standard error to file
-ea file
Append standard error to file
-eo
Redirect standard error to standard output
-oe
Redirect standard output to standard error
-x
Print the exit code of the command after it exits. If the exit
code is 0..255, it is printed as is. If it is not, the low byte
(0..255) is printed in decimal and the whole value is also
printed in hex.
Options are processed in the order they are encountered. Thus, "-o foo
-eo" means "redirect output to foo, then redirect errors there also",
whereas "-eo -o foo" means "send errors to where output was going,
then move output to foo".
Examples:
To redirect errors to a file:
redir -e errors.lst command ...
To redirect output to a file, and errors through a pipe:
redir -eo -o prog.out command ... | pipe

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README for reimp
================
* Overview
`reimp' is a tool to convert Microsoft's new-style (short) import
libraries to import libraries for win32 ports of GNU tools (mingw32,
cygwin).
`reimp' reads an MS import library and writes all imports to the
corresponding .DEF file(s) that it feeds to `dlltool' that creates the
import library.
* Invocation
Usage: reimp [options] IMPLIB
Options:
-s, --dump-symbols dump symbols to stdout
-d, --only-def only create .def files
-c, --keep-case keep case in lib*.a file names
--dlltool <name> use <name> for dlltool
--as <name> use <name> for assembler
The `--dump-symbols' option makes `reimp' use a quick method for
finding imported symbols and sending the names of found symbols to
stdout. If the input library contain non-imported symbols they will be
listed as well. The output symbols will have all decoration preserved
(i.e '_' will prefix most symbols), so if you feed it to dlltool you
should strip leading underscores. For example
echo EXPORTS > imp.def
reimp imp.lib | sed 's/_//' >> imp.def
dlltool -k --def imp.def --output-lib libimp.a --dllname imp.dll
The `--only-def' option makes `reimp' stop after generating the .DEF
file(s).
By default `reimp' converts all output library names to lower-case. By
using the `keep-case' option `reimp' will use exactly the case of the
DLL imported from when creating an import library. KERNEL32.dll will
generate libKERNEL32.a and not libkernel32.a as it would be default.
* Notes on mixed libraries
If an input library contain regular objects (non-imports, i.e code and
data) `reimp' will write out those objects unless you specify one of
the `--only-def' and `--dump-symbols' options. You probably want to
include those objects as well in the generated library. `reimp'
doesn't do that automatically so you have to do it manually using
`ar', like this
reimp imp.lib # this generates several .o or .obj files.
ar rcs libimp.a *.obj # add them to library
* Contact information
URL: http://www.acc.umu.se/~anorland/gnu-win32/
Anders Norlander <anorland@hem2.passagen.se>

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RES2COFF : a binary resource to COFF object format converter
First of all understand this :
* THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT COPYRIGHTED
*
* This source code is offered for use in the public domain. You may
* use, modify or distribute it freely.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. ALL WARRENTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ARE HEREBY
* DISCLAMED. This includes but is not limited to warrenties of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Second, should you reuse it, I'd really appretiate a reference to this
software. Blessings (if the program is useful to you), why not. Blamings,
none.
Now how to use it:
res2coff [-v] -i <resource file> -o <object file>
Both the resource and the object file have to be fully qualified and include
the extension. I never assume anything about files.
the -v flag will turn on a verbose mode which will show you a
short recap of all resources found in the resource file.
Revision history:
v1.00 First 'working' version using Jacob Navia's lccwin32
v1.10 Ported to the Minimalist GNUWIN32 with the win32 headers
from lccwin32, modified to pack system structures under GCC
v1.20 Sorts the string tables found and now passes the tests
in RCL 1.6.3
Enjoy
Pedro A. Aranda
paag@tid.es

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Copyright (c) 1994, 1995 Benjamin Lin.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Manpage of unix2dos</TITLE>
</HEAD><BODY>
<H1>unix2dos</H1>
Section: User Commands (1)<BR>Updated: unix2dos v2.2<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html">Return to Main Contents</A><HR>
<P>
<A NAME="lbAB">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>NAME</H2>
<P>
unix2dos - UNIX to DOS text file format converter
<P>
<A NAME="lbAC">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SYNOPSYS</H2>
<P>
unix2dos [options] [-c convmode] [-o file ...] [-n infile outfile ...]
<P>
Options:
<P>
[-hkqV] [--help] [--keepdate] [--quiet] [--version]
<P>
<A NAME="lbAD">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
<P>
<P>
This manual page documents dos2unix, the program that converts text
files in UNIX format to DOS format.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAE">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
<P>
The following options are available:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><B>-h --help</B>
<DD>
Print online help.
<P>
<DT><B>-k --keepdate</B>
<DD>
Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
<P>
<DT><B>-q --quiet</B>
<DD>
Quiet mode. Suppress all warning and messages.
<P>
<DT><B>-V --version</B>
<DD>
Prints version information.
<P>
<DT><B>-c --convmode convmode</B>
<DD>
Sets conversion mode. Simulates dos2unix under SunOS.
<P>
<DT><B>-o --oldfile file ...</B>
<DD>
Old file mode. Convert the file and write output to it. The program
default to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
<P>
<DT><B>-n --newfile infile outfile ...</B>
<DD>
New file mode. Convert the infile and write output to outfile. File names
must be given in pairs and wildcard names should NOT be used or you WILL
lost your files.
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAF">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>EXAMPLES</H2>
<P>
<P>
Get input from stdin and write output to stdout.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos a.txt b.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -o a.txt b.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt in ASCII conversion mode.
Convert and replace b.txt in ISO conversion mode.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix a.txt -c iso b.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c iso b.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -k a.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -k -o a.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -n a.txt e.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as a.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -k -n a.txt e.txt </B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert b.txt and write to e.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos a.txt -n b.txt e.txt</B>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Convert c.txt and write to e.txt. Convert and replace a.txt.
Convert and replace b.txt. Convert d.txt and write to f.txt.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
<B>unix2dos -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt</B>
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="lbAG">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
<P>
<A NAME="lbAH">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>BUGS</H2>
<P>
The program does not work properly under MSDOS in stdio processing mode.
If you know why is that so, please tell me.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAI">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>AUTHOR</H2>
<P>
Benjamin Lin - (
<B><A HREF="mailto:blin@socs.uts.edu.au">blin@socs.uts.edu.au</A></B>
)
<P>
<A NAME="lbAJ">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>MISCELLANY</H2>
<P>
Tested environment:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><DD>
Linux 1.2.0 with GNU C 2.5.8
<DT><DD>
SunOS 4.1.3 with GNU C 2.6.3
<DT><DD>
MS-DOS 6.20 with Borland C++ 4.02
</DL>
<P>
Suggestions and bug reports are welcome.
<P>
<A NAME="lbAK">&nbsp;</A>
<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html?1+dos2unix">dos2unix</A>(1)
<P>
<P>
<HR>
<A NAME="index">&nbsp;</A><H2>Index</H2>
<DL>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAB">NAME</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAC">SYNOPSYS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAD">DESCRIPTION</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAE">OPTIONS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAF">EXAMPLES</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAG">DIAGNOSTICS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAH">BUGS</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAI">AUTHOR</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAJ">MISCELLANY</A><DD>
<DT><A HREF="#lbAK">SEE ALSO</A><DD>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by
<A HREF="http://localhost/cgi-bin/man/man2html">man2html</A>,
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Time: 11:52:21 GMT, December 04, 2002
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