instructionList.txt List of all instructions in the 8608 architecture. Instructions are encoded as the opcode, followed by any immediate values. 16-bit immediates are encoded in big-endian byte order. Each instruction is described in order of: Mnemonic, Opcode, Clock cycles, Description Control (C): RST 41 3 Clear all registers and flags, load the Program Counter from memory addresses $FFFC-$FFFD, and execute the code at the address given by those bytes BRK 00 3 Trigger an interrupt from software, saving the current Program Counter in the V register and jumping to the Interrupt Vector stored at memory addresses $FFFE-$FFFF RTI 40 1 Return from an interrupt, resuming normal execution where it left off when the interrupt occurred NOP EA 1 Do nothing CLI 58 1 Enable interrupts to be triggered by external hardware SEI 78 1 Disable interrupts being triggered by external hardware HLT 18 1 Clear the Run Flag, preventing the CPU from running until an interrupt is triggered RUN 38 1 Set the Run Flag, allowing the CPU to run once the current interrupt finishes 8-bit Unary Arithmetic (U): INC A F6 1 Increment the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result DEC A D6 1 Decrement the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ICC A 57 1 Add the Carry Flag to the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result INC B FE 1 Increment the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result DEC B DE 1 Decrement the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ICC B 5F 1 Add the Carry Flag to the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result INC C FA 1 Increment the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result DEC C DA 1 Decrement the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ICC C 5B 1 Add the Carry Flag to the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result INC zpg E6 4 Increment the value at an given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result DEC zpg C6 4 Decrement the value at an given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ICC zpg 47 4 Add the Carrry Flag to the value at an given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result 8-bit Arithmetic and Logic (A): ADD # 6B 2 Add a given 8-bit value to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SUB # EB 2 Subtract a given 8-bit value from the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADC # 69 2 Add a given 8-bit value plus the Carry Flag to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SBC # E9 2 Subtract a given 8-bit value from the value in the A register including the Carry Flag, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result CMP # C9 2 Set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result of subtracting a given 8-bit value from the value in the A register AND # 29 2 Bitwise AND the value in the A register with a given 8-bit value, and set the Zero Flag according to the result ORA # 09 2 Bitwise OR the value in the A register with a given 8-bit value, and set the Zero Flag according to the result EOR # 49 2 Bitwise Exclusive OR the value in the A register with a given 8-bit value, and set the Zero Flag according to the result ASL # 15 2 Bit-shift the value in the A register left by a given number of bits, and set the Zero Flag according to the result LSR # 55 2 Bit-shift the value in the A register right by a given number of bits, and set the Zero Flag according to the result ROL # 35 2 Bit-rotate the value in the A register left by a given number of bits, and set the Zero Flag according to the result ROR # 75 2 Bit-rotate the value in the A register right by a given number of bits, and set the Zero Flag according to the result ADD zpg 67 3 Add the value in memory at a given 8-bit address to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SUB zpg E7 3 Subtract the value in memory at a given 8-bit address from the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADC zpg 65 3 Add the value in memory at a given 8-bit address plus the Carry Flag to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SBC zpg E5 3 Subtract the value in memory at a given 8-bit address from the value in the A register including the Carry Flag, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result CMP zpg C5 3 Set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result of subtracting the value in memory at a given 8-bit address from the value in the A register AND zpg 25 3 Bitwise AND the value in the A register with the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ORA zpg 05 3 Bitwise OR the value in the A register with the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result EOR zpg 45 3 Bitwise Exclusive OR the value in the A register with the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADD B 7F 1 Add the value in the B register to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SUB B FF 1 Subtract the value in the B register from the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADC B 7D 1 Add the value in the B register plus the Carry Flag to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SBC B FD 1 Subtract the value in the B register form the value in the A register including the Carry Flag, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result CMP B DD 1 Set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result of subtracting the value in the B register from the value in the A register AND B 3D 1 Bitwise AND the value in the A register with the value in the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ORA B 1D 1 Bitwise OR the value in the A register with the value in the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result EOR B 5D 1 Bitwise Exclusive OR the value in the A register with the value in the B register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADD C 7B 1 Add the value in the C register to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SUB C FB 1 Subtract the value in the C register from the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ADC C 79 1 Add the value in the C register plus the Carry Flag to the value in the A register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result SBC C F9 1 Subtract the value in the C register form the value in the A register including the Carry Flag, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result CMP C D9 1 Set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result of subtracting the value in the C register from the value in the A register AND C 39 1 Bitwise AND the value in the A register with the value in the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result ORA C 19 1 Bitwise OR the value in the A register with the value in the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result EOR C 59 1 Bitwise Exclusive OR the value in the A register with the value in the C register, and set the Carry Flag and Zero Flag according to the result Conditional Branches (B): BNE rel D0 2 If the result of the last math operation was not 0, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BEQ rel F0 2 If the result of the last math operation was 0, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BLT rel 90 2 If the result of the last math operation was negative, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BGE rel B0 2 If the result of the last math operation was positive or 0, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BGT rel 30 2 If the result of the last math operation was positive, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BLE rel 10 2 If the result of the last math operation was negative or 0, Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program; Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the programc BRA rel 98 2 Add a signed 8-bit offset to the Program Counter, jumping forward or backward in the program 16-bit Arithmetic (X): ADX # E8 2 Add a given 8-bit value to the 16-bit X register ADY # C8 2 Add a given 8-bit value to the 16-bit Y register ADX ## 8A 3 Add a given 16-bit value to the 16-bit X register ADY ## 88 3 Add a given 16-bit value to the 16-bit Y register ADX A FC 1 Add the 8-bit signed value in the A register to the 16-bit X register ADY A DC 1 Add the 8-bit signed value in the A register to the 16-bit Y register Jumps (J): JMP abs CC 3 Jump - Set the Program Counter to a given 16-bit value, executing the code at that address JSR abs 20 5 Jump to Subroutine - Save the Program Counter on the Stack, then set it to a given 16-bit value, executing the code at that address JMP [ind] 6C 5 Load a subroutine pointer from memory at a given 16-bit address, then jump to that subroutine, saving the return address on the stack. JSR [ind] 2C 7 Load a code pointer from memory at a given 16-bit address, then jump to that code. JMP [ind,A] 4C 5 Load a subroutine pointer from memory at a given 16-bit address, then jump to that subroutine, saving the return address on the stack. JSR [ind,A] 0C 7 Load a code pointer from memory at a given 16-bit address, then jump to that code. JMP X 64 1 Set the Program Counter to the 16-bit value in the X register, executing the code at that address JMP Y 44 1 Set the Program Counter to the 16-bit value in the Y register, executing the code at that address JSR X 24 3 Save the Program Counter on the Stack, then set it to the 16-bit value in the X register, executing the code at that address JSR Y 04 3 Save the Program Counter on the Stack, then set it to the 16-bit value in the Y register, executing the code at that address RTS 60 3 Retrieve the Program Counter from the stack, returning to where the last JSR instruction was executed Stack (S): PHA 48 2 Push the value in the A register onto the Stack PHB 5C 2 Push the value in the B register onto the Stack PHC 1C 2 Push the value in the C register onto the Stack PHP 08 2 Push a byte containing the Carry Flag and Zero Flag onto the Stack PHX 54 3 Push the 16-bit value in the X register onto the Stack PHY 14 3 Push the 16-bit value in the Y register onto the Stack PLA 68 2 Pull a byte from the Stack, and store it in the A register PLB 7C 2 Pull a byte from the Stack, and store it in the B register PLC 3C 2 Pull a byte from the Stack, and store it in the C register PLP 28 2 Pull a byte from the Stack, and use it to set the Carry Flag and Zero flag PLX 74 3 Pull two bytes from the stack, and store the resulting 16-bit value in the X register PLY 34 3 Pull two bytes from the stack, and store the resulting 16-bit value in the Y register 8-bit Load/Store (B): LDA # A9 2 Set the A register to a given 8-bit value LDB # AB 2 Set the B register to a given 8-bit value LDC # 2B 2 Set the C register to a given 8-bit value LDA zpg A5 3 Set the A register to the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB zpg A7 3 Set the B register to the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC zpg 27 3 Set the C register to the value in memory at a given 8-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded STA zpg 85 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at an given 8-bit address STB zpg 87 3 Store the value in the B register in memory at an given 8-bit address STC zpg 07 3 Store the value in the C register in memory at an given 8-bit address LDA abs ED 4 Set the A register to the value in memory at a given 16-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB abs EF 4 Set the B register to the value in memory at a given 16-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC abs 6F 4 Set the C register to the value in memory at a given 16-bit address, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded STA abs CD 4 Store the value in the A register in memory at a given 16-bit address STB abs CF 4 Store the value in the B register in memory at a given 16-bit address STC abs 4F 4 Store the value in the C register in memory at a given 16-bit address LDA X A1 2 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address in X, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB X A3 2 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address in X, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC X 23 2 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address in X, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDA Y B1 2 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address in Y, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB Y B3 2 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address in Y, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC Y 33 2 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address in Y, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded STA X 81 2 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address in X STB X 83 2 Store the value in the B register in memory at the address in X STC X 03 2 Store the value in the C register in memory at the address in X STA Y 91 2 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address in Y STB Y 93 2 Store the value in the B register in memory at the address in Y STC Y 13 2 Store the value in the C register in memory at the address in Y LDA X+ E1 2 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address in X, increment the X register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB X+ E3 2 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address in X, increment the X register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC X+ 63 2 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address in X, increment the X register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDA Y+ F1 2 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address in Y, increment the Y register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB Y+ F3 2 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address in Y, increment the Y register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC Y+ 73 2 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address in Y, increment the Y register, and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded STA X+ C1 2 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address in X, and increment the X register STB X+ C3 2 Store the value in the B register in memory at the address in X, and increment the X register STC X+ 43 2 Store the value in the C register in memory at the address in X, and increment the X register STA Y+ D1 2 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address in Y, and increment the Y register STB Y+ D3 2 Store the value in the B register in memory at the address in Y, and increment the Y register STC Y+ 53 2 Store the value in the C register in memory at the address in Y, and increment the Y register LDA X,ofs BD 3 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB X,ofs BF 3 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC X,ofs 3F 3 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDA Y,ofs B9 3 Set the A register to the value in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDB Y,ofs BB 3 Set the B register to the value in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded LDC Y,ofs 3B 3 Set the C register to the value in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset), and set the Zero Flag according to the value loaded STA X,ofs 9D 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) STB X,ofs 9F 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) STC X,ofs 1F 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) STA Y,ofs 99 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) STB Y,ofs 9B 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) STC Y,ofs 1B 3 Store the value in the A register in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) 16-bit Load/Store (W): LDX ## AA 3 Set the X register to a given 16-bit value LDY ## A8 3 Set the X register to a given 16-bit value LDX zpg A6 4 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in memory at a given 8-bit address LDY zpg A4 4 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at a given 8-bit address STX zpg 86 4 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at an given 8-bit address STY zpg 84 4 Store the 16-bit value in the Y register in memory at an given 8-bit address LDX abs AE 5 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in memory at a given 16-bit address LDY abs AC 5 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at a given 16-bit address STX abs 8E 5 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at a given 16-bit address STY abs 8C 5 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at a given 16-bit address LDX X,ofs BE 4 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) LDX Y,ofs BA 4 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) LDY X,ofs BC 4 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) LDY Y,ofs B8 4 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) STX Y,ofs 9A 4 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at the address (Y plus a given 8-bit offset) STY X,ofs 9C 4 Store the 16-bit value in the Y register in memory at the address (X plus a given 8-bit offset) LDX X A2 3 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address in X LDY X A0 3 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address in X LDX Y B2 3 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in the Y registerin16 LDY Y E2 3 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in the Y registerin16 STX Y 92 3 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at the address in Y STY X 80 3 Store the 16-bit value in the Y register in memory at the address in X LDX Y+ F2 3 Set the X register to the 16-bit value in the Y registerin16, the 16-bit value in the Y registerinc16 LDY X+ E0 3 Set the Y register to the 16-bit value in memory at the address in X, the 16-bit value in the X registerinc16 STX Y+ D2 3 Store the 16-bit value in the X register in memory at the address in Y, the 16-bit value in the Y registerinc16 STY X+ C0 3 Store the 16-bit value in the Y register in memory at the address in X, the 16-bit value in the X registerinc16 Moves (M): TBA 97 1 Copy the value in the B register into the A register TCA 17 1 Copy the value in the C register into the A register TAB B7 1 Copy the value in the A register into the B register TCB D7 1 Copy the value in the C register into the B register TAC 37 1 Copy the value in the A register into the C register TBC F7 1 Copy the value in the B register into the C register TYX B4 1 Copy the 16-bit value in the Y register into the 16-bit X register TXY 94 1 Copy the 16-bit value in the X register into the 16-bit Y register TVX B6 1 Copy the 16-bit Interrupt Return Address into the X register TXV 96 1 Copy the 16-bit value in the X register into the 16-bit Interrupt Return Address register TAS 95 1 Copy the value in the A register into the 8-bit Stack Pointer register TSA B5 1 Copy the 8-bit Stack Pointer into the A register Opcodes used: 191/256 0123456789ABCDEF 00 | CC-BJA-BSA--JJ-- 10 | B--BSA-MCA-BSA-B 20 | JJ-BJA-BSA-BJJ-- 30 | B--BSA-MCA-BSA-B 40 | CC-BJA-USA--JJ-B 50 | ---BSA-UCA-USA-U 60 | J--BJA-ASA-AJJ-B 70 | ---BSA--CA-ASA-A 80 | WB-BWBWBX-X-WWWW 90 | BBWBMMMMBBWBWB-B A0 | WBWBWBWBWBWBWWWW B0 | BBWBMMMMWBWBWBWB C0 | WB-B-AU-XA--JB-B D0 | BBWB--UM-AU-XAU- E0 | WBWB-AUAXACA-B-B F0 | BBWB--UM-AUAXAUA